Sylvester James Gates
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Sylvester James Gates has a total of 286 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Tristan Hübsch
Howard University
30 shared publications Hitoshi Nishino
20 shared publications- William Divine Linch
George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
18 shared publications - Vincent G. J. Rodgers
University of Iowa
17 shared publications - Ioseph Lvovich Buchbinder
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
15 shared publications - J. Phillips
Institute for Fundamental Theory Department of Physics University of Florida 32611 Gainesville FL USA
12 shared publications
Latest Publications
- 26 October 2026
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 41 (30)
Adynkra genomes, adynkrafields, and the 4D, 𝒩=1 supergravity superfield prepotential
A reimagining of the supergravity prepotential formulation of 4D, [Formula: see text] = 1 supergravity and its Salam–Strathdee superfield superconformal gauge group is presented.
- 26 October 2026
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 41 (30)
Adynkra genomes, adynkrafields, and the 4D, 𝒩=1 supergravity superfield prepotential
A reimagining of the supergravity prepotential formulation of 4D, [Formula: see text] = 1 supergravity and its Salam–Strathdee superfield superconformal gauge group is presented.
- Open Access
10D Supergravity Numerical Data Sets for L & R Matrices
After reviewing the development of 10D, superspace theories, and their relations to superstring and heterotic string theories, explicit calculations are undertaken in the on-shell $\cal N$ = 1 linearized supergravity, the associated super-current is derived, and non-closure terms are explicitly given. The $L_{\rm I}$ and $R_{\rm I}$ adjacency matrices are then computed in complete numerical form as data sets. This is the preliminary step required to perform a scan to embed the on-shell matrices into off-shell ones.Open Access10D Supergravity Numerical Data Sets for L & R Matrices
After reviewing the development of 10D, superspace theories, and their relations to superstring and heterotic string theories, explicit calculations are undertaken in the on-shell $\cal N$ = 1 linearized supergravity, the associated super-current is derived, and non-closure terms are explicitly given. The $L_{\rm I}$ and $R_{\rm I}$ adjacency matrices are then computed in complete numerical form as data sets. This is the preliminary step required to perform a scan to embed the on-shell matrices into off-shell ones. - 5 December 2025
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 40 (34)
Supersymmetry from superspace to graph theory and polyhedra: Celebrationum scripta collecta
We review a variety of mathematical structures underlying supersymmetry, ranging from the description of gauge theories and gravity in Superspace to the combinatorial and graph-theoretic frameworks that capture the algebraic content of its representations. The discussion revisits how geometric notions commonly associated with manifestly supersymmetric gauge theories can emerge rather than being assumed a priori. This exploration is followed by an extensive treatment of supersymmetry representations through the lens of combinatorics, higher-dimensional polytopes and graph theory. The synthesis of these perspectives shows that supersymmetry, far from being confined to a single language, builds bridges to seemingly unrelated domains of mathematics and finds expression in multiple guises, each offering complementary insights into its structure.
- 5 December 2025
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 40 (34)
Supersymmetry from superspace to graph theory and polyhedra: Celebrationum scripta collecta
We review a variety of mathematical structures underlying supersymmetry, ranging from the description of gauge theories and gravity in Superspace to the combinatorial and graph-theoretic frameworks that capture the algebraic content of its representations. The discussion revisits how geometric notions commonly associated with manifestly supersymmetric gauge theories can emerge rather than being assumed a priori. This exploration is followed by an extensive treatment of supersymmetry representations through the lens of combinatorics, higher-dimensional polytopes and graph theory. The synthesis of these perspectives shows that supersymmetry, far from being confined to a single language, builds bridges to seemingly unrelated domains of mathematics and finds expression in multiple guises, each offering complementary insights into its structure.
- Open Access
Adinkras & Genomics in Sixteen Color Systems (I)
Motivated by the search for embedded on-shell supermultiplets in higher dimensional off-shell theories, we investigate several 16-color supermultiplets and their topology. An Adinkra's topology is known to be equivalent to $(\mathbb{Z}_2)$-quotients of an N-cube. This is revisited with the focus of closing the off-shell problem for the 4D $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Maxwell supermultiplet.Open AccessAdinkras & Genomics in Sixteen Color Systems (I)
Motivated by the search for embedded on-shell supermultiplets in higher dimensional off-shell theories, we investigate several 16-color supermultiplets and their topology. An Adinkra's topology is known to be equivalent to $(\mathbb{Z}_2)$-quotients of an N-cube. This is revisited with the focus of closing the off-shell problem for the 4D $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Maxwell supermultiplet. - 10 November 2024
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 39 (31)
Modern tensor–spinor symbolic algebra algorithms and computing non-closure geometry and holoraumy in 11D, 𝒩=1 supergravity
The Supersymmetry Genomics project aims to classify supermultiplets by properties like adinkras and holoraumy. The project’s protocol is: (1) set up the SUSY transformation rules (and action) with unknown numerical coefficients, (2) solve those coefficients and (3) compute desired properties, e.g. non-closure geometry (the non-closure functions in the anticommutator of supercovariant derivatives) and holoraumy (the commutator of supercovariant derivatives). This paper provides the first broadly applicable computer algorithms for completing these computations, comprising a new Cadabra module we call “SusyPy”. We provide a significant extension of the available tensor arithmetic/canonicalization to include spinor-indexed expressions and NW–SE convention, and we provide a new Fierz expansion algorithm for spinor-indexed expressions. On top of this new tensor–spinor symbolic algebra, we have built algorithms for solving for the coefficients of a multiplet and its action, and for computing holoraumy, for both off-shell and on-shell [ ] multiplets of any dimension. We apply our tools to assimilate linearized 11D, [ ] supergravity into the Genomics project. We demonstrate solving the 11D, [ ] multiplet, as in Cremmer, Julia and Scherk, in a few lines of code, and we provide a comprehensive picture of the multiplet’s non-closure geometry. Further, we provide the first-ever computation of the holoraumy of 11D, [ ] supergravity.
- 10 November 2024
- Published by World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd in International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Vol. 39 (31)
Modern tensor–spinor symbolic algebra algorithms and computing non-closure geometry and holoraumy in 11D, 𝒩=1 supergravity
The Supersymmetry Genomics project aims to classify supermultiplets by properties like adinkras and holoraumy. The project’s protocol is: (1) set up the SUSY transformation rules (and action) with unknown numerical coefficients, (2) solve those coefficients and (3) compute desired properties, e.g. non-closure geometry (the non-closure functions in the anticommutator of supercovariant derivatives) and holoraumy (the commutator of supercovariant derivatives). This paper provides the first broadly applicable computer algorithms for completing these computations, comprising a new Cadabra module we call “SusyPy”. We provide a significant extension of the available tensor arithmetic/canonicalization to include spinor-indexed expressions and NW–SE convention, and we provide a new Fierz expansion algorithm for spinor-indexed expressions. On top of this new tensor–spinor symbolic algebra, we have built algorithms for solving for the coefficients of a multiplet and its action, and for computing holoraumy, for both off-shell and on-shell [ ] multiplets of any dimension. We apply our tools to assimilate linearized 11D, [ ] supergravity into the Genomics project. We demonstrate solving the 11D, [ ] multiplet, as in Cremmer, Julia and Scherk, in a few lines of code, and we provide a comprehensive picture of the multiplet’s non-closure geometry. Further, we provide the first-ever computation of the holoraumy of 11D, [ ] supergravity.
- Open Access
A Précis: Minimal Four Color Holoraumy and Wolfram's "New Kind of Science" Paradigm
Adinkras are graphical representations of the gauge invariant field components in supersymmetric theories and their orbits under the action of supersymmetry (SUSY) generators in the context of supermultiplets. A discussion is given that provides a thorough review of the concepts of holoraumy, permutahedra, and gadgets. One consequence of these concepts, the additional concept of hopper operators, is discussed. These play a particularly important role that ignites the processes needed for the study of adinkras related to minimal 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets (chiral, vector, tensor and complex linear supermultiplets) through the prism of very simple cellular automata following Wolfram's `New Kind of Science' paradigm.Open AccessA Précis: Minimal Four Color Holoraumy and Wolfram's "New Kind of Science" Paradigm
Adinkras are graphical representations of the gauge invariant field components in supersymmetric theories and their orbits under the action of supersymmetry (SUSY) generators in the context of supermultiplets. A discussion is given that provides a thorough review of the concepts of holoraumy, permutahedra, and gadgets. One consequence of these concepts, the additional concept of hopper operators, is discussed. These play a particularly important role that ignites the processes needed for the study of adinkras related to minimal 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets (chiral, vector, tensor and complex linear supermultiplets) through the prism of very simple cellular automata following Wolfram's `New Kind of Science' paradigm. - Open AccessAdynkra Genomes, Adynkrafields, and the 4D, ${\cal N}$ = 1 Supergravity Superfield PrepotentialA re-imagining of the supergravity prepotential formulation of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supergravity and its Salam-Strathdee superfield superconformal gauge group is presented.Open AccessAdynkra Genomes, Adynkrafields, and the 4D, ${\cal N}$ = 1 Supergravity Superfield PrepotentialA re-imagining of the supergravity prepotential formulation of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supergravity and its Salam-Strathdee superfield superconformal gauge group is presented.
- Open Access
Unfolded Adinkra Properties of Supermultiplets (I)
Adinkra networks arise in the Carroll limit of supersymmetric QFT. Extensions of adinkras that are infinite dimensional graphs have never previously been discussed in the literature. We call these "infinite unfolded'' adinkras and study the properties of their realization on familiar 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets. A new feature in "unfolded'' adinkras is the appearance of quantities whose actions resemble BRST operators within Verma-like modules. New "net-centric" quantities ${\widetilde χ}_{(1)}$ and ${\widetilde χ}_{(2)}$ are introduced, which along with quantity $χ_{\rm o}$, describe distinctions between familiar supermultiplets in 4D, $\cal N $ = 1 theories. A previously unobserved property in all adinkras that we call "adinkra vorticity" is noted.Open AccessUnfolded Adinkra Properties of Supermultiplets (I)
Adinkra networks arise in the Carroll limit of supersymmetric QFT. Extensions of adinkras that are infinite dimensional graphs have never previously been discussed in the literature. We call these "infinite unfolded'' adinkras and study the properties of their realization on familiar 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets. A new feature in "unfolded'' adinkras is the appearance of quantities whose actions resemble BRST operators within Verma-like modules. New "net-centric" quantities ${\widetilde χ}_{(1)}$ and ${\widetilde χ}_{(2)}$ are introduced, which along with quantity $χ_{\rm o}$, describe distinctions between familiar supermultiplets in 4D, $\cal N $ = 1 theories. A previously unobserved property in all adinkras that we call "adinkra vorticity" is noted. - Open Access
Towards A Direct Detection of the Spin of Dark Matter
We investigate the contribution of higher spin particles in the signal of direct detection experiments searching for dark matter. We consider a bosonic or fermionic higher spin dark matter (HSDM) candidate which interacts with the Standard Model via a dark U(1) mediator. For a particular subclass of interactions, spin-polarized targets may be used for spin determination: The angular dependence of scatterings can distinguish integer (spin-$s$) vs. half-integer (spin-$s + 1/2$), while the recoil energy dependence of the signal determines $s$. We consider also the signal of a supersymmetric higher spin dark sector, which suggests a characteristic signal (''SUSY Rilles'') for directional direct detection.Open AccessTowards A Direct Detection of the Spin of Dark Matter
We investigate the contribution of higher spin particles in the signal of direct detection experiments searching for dark matter. We consider a bosonic or fermionic higher spin dark matter (HSDM) candidate which interacts with the Standard Model via a dark U(1) mediator. For a particular subclass of interactions, spin-polarized targets may be used for spin determination: The angular dependence of scatterings can distinguish integer (spin-$s$) vs. half-integer (spin-$s + 1/2$), while the recoil energy dependence of the signal determines $s$. We consider also the signal of a supersymmetric higher spin dark sector, which suggests a characteristic signal (''SUSY Rilles'') for directional direct detection. - Open Access
$\cal N$=2 SUSY and the Hexipentisteriruncicantitruncated 7-Simplex
We study algorithms for recursively creating arbitrary N-extended `supermultiplets' given minimal matrix representations of off-shell, N = 1 supermultiplet matrices. We observe connections between the color vertex problems in graph theory and the different supermultiplet sets locations in the permutahedron by using the concepts of truncation and chromatic number. The concept of `hopping operators' is introduced, constructed, and then used to partition the 8! vertices of the permutahedron. We explicitly partition these into 5,040 octets constrained in locations on the permutahedron by a magic number rule. Boolean factors in this recursive construction are shown to obey a doubly even binary flip rule. Although these hopping operators do not generally constitute normal subgroups of the permutation group, we find that `ab-normal cosets' exist where the same left- and right-hoppers appear as unordered sets. Finally, using computer simulations, we investigate the types of faces on higher-order permutahedron which may give rise to lower-order supermultiplets.
Open Access$\cal N$=2 SUSY and the Hexipentisteriruncicantitruncated 7-Simplex
We study algorithms for recursively creating arbitrary N-extended `supermultiplets' given minimal matrix representations of off-shell, N = 1 supermultiplet matrices. We observe connections between the color vertex problems in graph theory and the different supermultiplet sets locations in the permutahedron by using the concepts of truncation and chromatic number. The concept of `hopping operators' is introduced, constructed, and then used to partition the 8! vertices of the permutahedron. We explicitly partition these into 5,040 octets constrained in locations on the permutahedron by a magic number rule. Boolean factors in this recursive construction are shown to obey a doubly even binary flip rule. Although these hopping operators do not generally constitute normal subgroups of the permutation group, we find that `ab-normal cosets' exist where the same left- and right-hoppers appear as unordered sets. Finally, using computer simulations, we investigate the types of faces on higher-order permutahedron which may give rise to lower-order supermultiplets.