А.а. Мохов

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “exceptional circumstances” as an evaluative category of criminal law that goes beyond the institution of a more lenient punishment than is provided for this crime (Article 64 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Based on the generalization of doctrinal approaches, explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and materials of judicial practice, it is proved that the category of “exclusivity” is used by the legislator in a number of related institutions for mitigating criminal law effects: in case of conditional conviction (art. 73 of the Criminal Code); changing the category of crime (Part 6 of art. 15 of the Criminal Code); the implementation of provisions on active repentance, as well as the application of provisions on the responsibility of minors to persons aged eighteen to twenty years (art. 96 of the Criminal Code).

The article analyzes the current state of mechanisms for ensuring property liability of members of a self-regulatory organization. It is concluded that the existing methods of ensuring such responsibility are insufficiently effective, as well that the institution of compensation funds needs further development. The authors propose measures to improve legislation in the area under study.

В правоприменительной практике наблюдается рост числа гражданских дел, связанных с различными дефектами и ошибками в процессе оказания гражданам медицинских услуг. Доказывание по этой категории дел представляет значительные трудности для истцов. В силу недостаточной разработанности отдельных теоретических вопросов довольно острой является проблема определения стандарта доказывания по делам о возмещении вреда, причиненного здоровью гражданина при оказании медицинской услуги. Law enforcement practice is seeing an increase in the number of civil cases related to various defects and errors in the provision of medical services to citizens. Proving these cases presents significant challenges for plaintiffs. Due to the insufficient development of certain theoretical issues, the problem of determining the standard of proof in cases involving compensation for harm caused to a citizen's health during the provision of medical services is quite pressing.

Новейшие документы стратегического планирования, а также иные официальные документы ориентируют правоприменителя на учет в своей практике отечественных традиционных духовно-нравственных ценностей. В тоже время действующий в настоящее время Гражданский процессуальный кодекс РФ не содержит в своем составе норм, позволяющих в процессе рассмотрения и разрешения конкретного дела прямо опираться на общие ценности, неправовые регуляторы (религиозные нормы, нормы морали, нравственности, этики). Представляется, что в основе ГПК РФ должны лежать нравственные начала, зафиксированные на уровне одного либо нескольких принципов гражданского судопроизводства. The latest strategic planning documents, as well as other documents, guide the law enforcement officer to take into account the traditional spiritual and moral values of the Russian people in their practice. However, the current Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation does not contain any provisions that allow the court to directly rely on general values or non-legal regulations (religious norms, moral norms, or ethical norms) in the process of considering and resolving a specific case. It is believed that the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation should be based on moral principles that are reflected in one or more principles of civil proceedings.

В статье исследуются особенности рассмотрения и разрешения дел в цивилистическом процессе, осложненном сведениями (информацией), отнесенными в установленном законом порядке к государственной тайне. Критическому осмыслению подвергаются имеющиеся нормы Гражданского процессуального кодекса РФ и Арбитражного процессуального кодекса РФ с позиций обеспечения публичной задачи по охране государственной тайны. По итогам проведенного исследования формулируются некоторые выводы и предложения. The article examines the features of consideration and resolution of cases in the civil process, which is complicated by information (data) classified as a state secret in accordance with the established legal procedure. The existing norms of the Civil Procedure Code of Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedure Code of Russian Federation are critically analyzed from the perspective of solving the public task of protecting state secrets. Based on the results of the conducted research, some conclusions and suggestions are formulated.

Relevance. A set of challenges and threats in various areas of public administration, the economy, and the socio-cultural sphere, require the development and implementation of a new state policy or the correction of the current one. Currently, a number of strategic planning documents that are fundamentally important for the entire state and society have been adopted. However, their significance is not universally recognized at the theoretical and practical levels, which reduces their value, slows down the work on new federal laws, and can also distort law enforcement practices.The purpose is to develop recommendations for improving the practice of using strategic planning documents based on their purpose, as well as approaches to understanding the sources of legal policy, including in the field of civil and family law.Objectives: to establish the significance of strategic planning documents for the state policy in the field of civil and family legal relations.Methodology. The study used the dialectical-materialistic method, the system method, the analysis and synthesis method, and the formal-legal method. The results of the study are reflected in the formulated proposals aimed at improving project legislation, as well as the practice of working with strategic planning documents in law enforcement practice.Conclusion. The study substantiated the position that strategic planning documents, due to their relative novelty, should be classified as special or atypical sources of civil and family law in Russia. Their provisions serve as the main guidelines for creating new and improving existing norms of domestic civil and family legislation, as well as for law enforcement practice.

The article describes the content of the principle of transparency of artificial intelligence in the context of Russian and international legal acts and official documents. The author researches the problem of implementation of this principle on the example of different jurisdictions. The study concludes that it is necessary to create self-regulating organizations to ensure transparency of systems and technologies based on artificial intelligence.

This article is devoted to the study of the current state of the phenomenon of legal nihilism as a complex, heterogeneous and ambiguous phenomenon of social life, examines various trends in modern legal awareness. The article analyzes the issue of modern trends in the manifestation of legal nihilism, which uses the substitution of law by invented «rules» as a simulacrum of law.

В статье рассматриваются имеющиеся, а также потенциально возможные правовые средства обеспечения экономической и иных видов безопасности. Неблагоприятные экономические и политические изменения на товарных рынках могут не только влечь за собой массовые банкротства хозяйствующих субъектов-должников, но также увеличивать риски на региональном и национальном уровнях по отдельным видам безопасности (экономической, общественной и другим). В этой связи возможные правовые средства механизма обеспечения безопасности в делах о несостоятельности (банкротстве) не могут не представлять интереса для науки и практики. The article examines the available, as well as potentially possible legal means of ensuring economic and other types of security. Adverse economic and political changes in commodity markets can not only lead to massive bankruptcies of debtor business entities, but also increase risks at the regional and national levels for certain types of security (economic, public and others). In this regard, the possible legal means of the mechanism for ensuring security in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases cannot but be of interest to science and practice.

В статье предпринимается попытка осмысления документов стратегического планирования, в том числе Стратегии пространственного развития с позиций обеспечения национальной безопасности (в целом и по отдельным ее видам). Основным вектором развития государства на ближайшие десятилетия должна стать национальная безопасность, эффективное обеспечение которой предполагает адекватное имеющимся угрозам и рискам пространственное развитие страны. Национальное законодательство должно строится на основе современных Стратегий: национальной безопасности, пространственного развития. The article attempts to comprehend strategic planning documents, including spatial Development Strategies from the standpoint of ensuring national security (in general and by its individual types). The main vector of the state's development for the coming decades should be national security, the effective provision of which presupposes the spatial development of the country adequate to the existing threats and risks. National legislation should be based on modern Strategies: national security, spatial development.