Abbas Ali Husseini

Introduction. Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy with high recurrence and progression rates. Molecular markers like p53 and BCL-2 are implicated in tumor behavior — p53 in tumor suppression and BCL-2 in apoptosis inhibition — yet their clinical significance remains unclear. This study investigates the expression of p53 and BCL-2 in bladder cancer tissues and their associations with key clinical and pathological features to inform more personalized patient management. Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on bladder cancer tissue samples to assess p53 and BCL-2 expression levels. Correlations with tumor grade, invasiveness, gender, age, and smoking status were examined. Results. p53 expression was significantly higher in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.00001) and was associated with high-grade tumors (p = 0.03156). No significant difference in BCL-2 expression was observed between cancerous and normal tissues (p = 0.19706). No significant correlations were found between p53 and BCL-2 expression or with the clinical factors. Conclusion. The overexpression of p53 in high-grade bladder cancer tissues highlights its potential role as a biomarker for tumor aggressiveness, whereas BCL-2 shows limited prognostic relevance.

Objective: This study explores whether GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 rs1042522 polymorphisms, key regulators of detoxification and oxidative stress responses, influence obesity risk and related metabolic profiles in children. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 60 obese children and 60 healthy controls were analyzed. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were assessed via polymerase chain reaction melting curve analysis, and TP53 rs1042522 was genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. Deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations and genotype frequencies in controls were evaluated, and the association of genetic variants with obesity, clinical complications, and metabolic parameters was examined. Results: In obese children, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype frequencies deviated from Hardy Weinberg expectations and differed from controls, whereas TP53 rs1042522 conformed to expected distributions yet was statistically underpowered. The GSTM1 null genotype increased obesity risk 3.28-fold (95% CI: 1.36-7.93, P < .05). The GSTT1 null genotype conferred a 4.76-fold higher risk (95% CI: 2.08-10.88, P < .001). TP53 rs1042522 showed no association (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44-2.87). The GSTM1 null carriers had elevated cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and gamma-glutamyl transferase, while TP53 Arg/Arg and Pro/Pro carriers exhibited higher LDL and alanine aminotransferase, respectively. No significant links were observed with insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are significant genetic risk factors for childhood obesity, likely through reduced detoxification capacity and subsequent oxidative stress–related metabolic disruption. These findings highlight the importance of considering detoxification pathways when assessing genetic predisposition to obesity in children.

Aim. Survival prediction in brain cancer is critical for treatment planning and patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for brain cancer survival using supervised machine learning approaches. The model integrated demographic, clinical, immunohistochemical, and genomic data. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 149 patients with intracranial tumors who underwent surgery. Demographic and clinical data were systematically collected. Tumor and adjacent tissues underwent histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis for GST-P, GST-T, GST-M, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MDR, and p53 expression. Genomic DNA from tumors was analyzed for GSTM1, GSTT1, and p53 genotypes. Models were developed using decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and SVM algorithms in Python. Models were compared based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F-measure metrics. Results. The overall postoperative survival rate was 65%. Significant differences in protein expression were observed between cancerous and normal tissues for GST-P, GST-T, GST-M, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MDR, and p53. GST-M1 null genotype was associated with brain tumor development. The decision tree model achieved the highest accuracy (84%) among models integrating demographic, clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic data. Precision and sensitivity varied across models, with the decision tree showing acceptable performance. Conclusion. Decision tree models are effective for predicting brain cancer survival, especially with limited datasets, using demographic, clinical, immunohistochemical, and genotypic variables.

GST izozimlerinin prognostik değerini değerlendirmek için GST izozim düzeyleri ile tümör belirteçleri arasındaki korelasyonları araştırmak. Bu retrospektif çalışmada adenokarsinom ve skuamöz hücreli karsinomu olan 40 hastanın klinik verileri analiz edilmiştir. Tümör ve komşu sağlıklı doku örnekleri, GST enzimlerinin (Sigma, Omega, Pi, Mu) ve kaspaz-3, Bcl-2, p38, p53'ün profilini çıkarmak için immünohistokimyasal olarak boyandı. Protein ekspresyon düzeyleri ile hasta özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiş ve GST enzimleri ile Kaspaz-3, Bcl-2, p38, p53 arasındaki korelasyonlar analiz edilmiştir. Tüm belirteçler için tümörlü ve sağlıklı dokular arasında anlamlı immünohistokimyasal farklılıklar bulunmuştur. GST enzimleri (GSTS, GSTO, GSTP, GSTM) ağırlıklı olarak tümörlü dokularda eksprese edilmiş, GSTO ve GSTP yüksek ekspresyon seviyeleri göstermiştir. SCC dokularıyla karşılaştırıldığında, GSTP ekspresyonu AC dokularında yaklaşık %30 daha yüksektir. Buna karşılık, GSTO ekspresyonu ikinci evre tümörlerde, özellikle de AC dokularında yaklaşık %25 oranında artmaktadır. Korelasyon analizi, tümör dokularında Bcl-2 ile kaspaz-3, p38, GSTS arasında, kaspaz-3 ile GSTP arasında ve p38 ile GSTM arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, KHDAK'de GST izozimlerinin prognostik değerini desteklemektedir.

Background. The cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and have been linked to various cancers, including lung cancer, primarily through their overexpression in tumor tissues. Aim of study. This study describes the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression profiles in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and explores the possible associations with demographic and clinical features among Turkish patients. Material and methods. This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 40 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. tumor and adjacent healthy tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained to profile CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression. Associations between protein expression levels and patient characteristics were examined. Results. Significant immunohistochemical differences were found between tumorous and healthy tissues for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Conclusion. The study suggests that the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression profiles in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma among Turkish patients may have biomarker value for risk stratification and early detection.

Background: A significant gap exists in the comprehensive genomic characterization of hepatitis delta virus in Afghanistan. Therefore, the primary aim of this investigation is to elucidate the molecular profile of the complete genome of HDV circulated among general population of Afghanistan. Methods: Four serologically positive samples for anti-delta antibody were confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction and subjected to entire genome amplification using two sets of primers to generate partially overlapping segments, which were subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic and evolutionary divergence analysis were conducted using the MEGA7 software package. Results: Ultimately, the whole genomes of four HDV isolates from Afghanistan were assigned to genotype I. The amino acid composition of the hepatitis delta antigen and its functional motifs were consistent with genotype I. However, the subtype-specific amino acid signature revealed potential differences in subtypes. Conclusion: Genotype I is the most common HDV genotype in analyzed samples, with potential subtype heterogeneity and no significant functional impact from HDAg variations.

Background This study examines genetic variations in CYP2E1 (rs6413432, rs3813867), GCKR (rs780094, rs1260326), and PNPLA3 (rs738409) among Turkish patients to assess their influence on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between 245 NASH patients and 120 healthy controls using SNP genotyping via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Additionally, the deviation of the observed genotype frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg proportion was examined. Results No significant differences were found in the allelic and genotypic distributions of rs6413432, rs3813867, and rs780094 between NASH patients and healthy controls. However, significant disparities were noted for rs1260326 and rs738409. Gender and age-specific distributions showed no notable differences. The only observed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg proportion was in the genotype frequency of rs738409. Conclusions Variants in GCKR (rs1260326) and PNPLA3 (rs738409) are significantly associated with increased NASH risk in the Turkish population, with the rs738409 variant potentially playing a more prominent role in NASH development.

PURPOSE To explore sonographic cortical bone thickness (CoT) as a potential indicator of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual -energy X-ray absorptiometry for screening and diagnosing pediatric osteoporosis. METHODS A prospective study included 41 osteopenic or osteoporotic patients and 52 healthy children. Radius cortical thickness (R-CoT), tibial cortical thickness (T-CoT), and second metatarsal cortical thickness (M-CoT) were measured by B -mode ultrasound; CoT values were compared between groups and the correlation between BMD and CoT was examined. RESULTS There were no significant differences in R-CoT ( P = 0.433), T-CoT ( P = 0.057), and M-CoT ( P = 0.978) values between the patient and control groups. No significant correlations were found between BMD T -scores and R-CoT (r = -0.073, P = 0.490), T-CoT (r = -0.154, P = 0.141), and M-CoT (r = 0.047, P = 0.657) values. CONCLUSION Sonographic CoT values in children do not correlate with BMD values. Unlike in adults, sonographic CoT measurements do not appear to have a role in assessing BMD in the pediatric population.

We developed a microchip device using surface acoustic waves (SAW) and sharp‐edge glass microparticles to rapidly lyse low‐level cell samples. This microchip features a 13‐finger pair interdigital transducer (IDT) with a 30‐degree focused angle, creating high‐intensity acoustic beams converging 6 mm away at a 16 MHz frequency. Cell lysis is achieved through centrifugal forces acting on Candida albicans cells and glass particles within the focal area. To optimize this SAW‐induced streaming, we conducted 42 pilot experiments, varying electrical power, droplet volume, glass particle size, concentration, and lysis time, resulting in optimal conditions: an electrical signal of 2.5 W, a 20 μL sample volume, glass particle size below 10 μm, concentration of 0.2 μg, and a 5‐min lysis period. We successfully amplified DNA target fragments directly from the lysate, demonstrating an efficient microchip‐based cell lysis method. When combined with an isothermal amplification technique, this technology holds promise for rapid point‐of‐care (POC) applications.