Xu Zhao

With the increasing global demand for food safety and quality, pH‐responsive intelligent composite films have become a pivotal innovation in the packaging sector. Anthocyanins, as natural plant pigments, possess excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness and exhibit significant colour changes under different pH conditions: appearing red at pH < 3.0, purple at pH 4.0–6.0 and blue‐green at pH > 7.0. This colour difference (ΔE > 3.0) enables anthocyanins to visually reflect changes in the acid–base environment of foods, making them widely applicable in pH‐sensitive films. By combining anthocyanins with polysaccharides, proteins or lipid‐based materials, pH‐responsive intelligent films can be prepared for real‐time monitoring of the freshness of perishable foods such as meat, seafood, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. When spoilage induces pH changes in food, the resulting colour difference in the film (typically ΔE > 5.0) becomes detectable by the naked eye. This article systematically reviews recent advances in anthocyanin‐based pH‐sensitive films, covering their botanical sources, physicochemical properties, extraction methods and applications in food quality detection. The preparation processes of relevant films are further analysed, and their effectiveness in freshness monitoring is evaluated. Finally, current technological limitations are summarized, and future development directions are discussed.

Bleeding represents a critical challenge across diverse medical scenarios, underscoring the urgent need for the development of advanced hemostatic materials. This review focuses on gelatin‐based hemostatic hydrogels, which exert hemostatic effects through multiple mechanisms: physical hemostasis, physiological hemostasis, and synergistic hemostasis. These mechanisms enhance hemostatic efficacy for cutaneous wounds via distinct pathways. The hydrogels are further categorized according to different cross‐linking strategies, with a systematic review and synthesis of their hemostatic mechanisms, properties, and applications. In vitro studies demonstrate their remarkable hemostatic performance across a spectrum of bleeding models. However, inherent limitations—such as suboptimal mechanical strength and reliance on single hemostatic pathways—necessitate addressing through material modification and composite cross‐linking strategies. Emerging opportunities in anti‐cancer drug delivery, food science, bone regeneration, and tissue engineering are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the biomedical applications of gelatin hemostatic hydrogels in managing cutaneous hemorrhagic wounds and provide critical insights for the development of clinically translatable hemostatic materials.

Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease, which is a risk factor for gouty arthritis and ureteral stones and may also lead to cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CDK). Therefore, hyperuricemia should be treated early. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) and uricosuric agents (UAs), which target uric acid, are two types of medications that are used to treat gout and hyperuricemia. XOIs stop the body from producing excessive uric acid, while UAs eliminate it rapidly via the kidneys. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) belongs to the organic anion transporter family (OAT) and is specifically localized to the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of proximal tubules. Unlike other organic anion transporter family members, URAT1 identifies and transports organic anions that are primarily responsible for urate transport. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the existing URAT1 inhibitors to serve as a reference for subsequent drug studies. The URAT1 inhibitors that are currently used as clinical drugs mainly include dotinurad, benzbromarone, and probenecid. Results indicate that RDEA3170 may be the mot promising inhibitor, in addition to SHR4640, URC-102, and MBX-102, which are in the early stages of development.