Riki Ridwana

Accurate and up-to-date spatial information on paddy cultivation is essential for ensuring national food security, particularly in agrarian countries such as Indonesia. However, conventional mapping approaches often fail to capture spatial heterogeneity driven by diverse agroecological conditions. This study develops a machine learning–based paddy mapping framework by integrating multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery with agroecological variables to improve classification accuracy and model transferability. The analysis incorporates spectral features and vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 data, along with environmental variables such as rainfall, elevation, slope, and landform characteristics. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers were trained and validated using reference data obtained from field surveys and official government records. Model performance was evaluated using confusion matrices, overall accuracy, F1-score, and the Kappa coefficient. Results show that both RF and SVM achieved overall accuracies exceeding 90% when agroecological variables were included, with RF consistently outperforming SVM across all evaluation metrics. The integration of agroecological data significantly improved classification reliability compared to spectral-only approaches, particularly in heterogeneous tropical landscapes. The proposed framework demonstrates strong potential for scalable, transferable agricultural mapping, supporting precision farming, irrigation planning, and sustainable food security management.

Ci Tarum River is one of the rivers that is widely used for people's lives. Over time, the environmental conditions of the Ci Tarum River have decreased in quality. Ci Tarum has at least five segments with its own characteristics and focus on problems in each segment. Problems commonly encountered along the Ci Tarum stream are caused by land use along the riverbank, characteristics of residents around the river, characteristics and morphology of land around the river, land ownership status and policies and law enforcement. The handling of problems that occur in the river corridor has been implemented in one of the rivers in Melbourne, Australia, namely the Yarra River. There are several things that need to be considered in handling problems in the Ci Tarum River, namely the actual condition and use of land in the river corridor, land tenure status and social control, potential pollutants in the form of liquid and solid waste, community aspirations in the study village as well as pre-design development and utilization development. land in the Ci Tarum River Corridor. The urgency to organize the Ci Tarum River corridors from a physical and social perspective is important to balance or make as proportional as possible.

Perbedaan pemanfaatan citra satelit dalam menganalisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index sangat berpengaruh terhadap analissi luasan dalam klasifikasi kesehatan mangrove. Selain itu dengan adanya kebijakan pembatasan sosial berskala besar pada Maret 2020 hingga Desember 2020 menyebabkan adanya peningkatan kualitas lingkungan di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta terutama pada peningkatan kualitas kesehatan Mangrove. Hal tersebut terlihat pada tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan citra landsat memiliki luasan mangrove dengan klasifikasi kesehatan sangat buruk seluas 171,6 Ha. Berbanding terbalik pada tahun 2020 dengan citra yang sama, kesehatan mangrove yang memiliki kalsifikasi sangat buruk hanya seluas 18,1 Ha. Dan mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2021 dengan citra landsat 8, yaitu sebesar 216,8 Ha. Sedangkan awal tahun 2021 yaitu bulan Maret yang dimana adanya peningkatan segala aktifitas manusia, yang setidaknya mempengaruhi pada penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang menyebabkan kualitas kesehatan mangrove semakin buruk. Maka dengan kata lain bahwa selain berbagai dampak negative dengan adanya pandemic covid-19 ini. Terdapat dampak positif bagi meningkatnya kualitas lingkungan akibat suatu kebijakan pembatasan segala akitifitas manusia dalam mencegah penurunan covid-19 ini. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dengan pemanfaatan citra satelit Landsat 8 dan Sentinel 2a/b dalam melihat kesahatan vegetasi khusunya vegetasi mangrove dengan menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.

Air as one of the components that support the life of all living things on this earth, of course has a very important role. Good or bad air quality around, can

This research aims to: analyze built-up area, rainfall potential, and the effort of groundwater conservation in the Ci Hideung watershed. An experimental method was done to discover the depth of groundwater. Landsat 8 Images are used to analyze the land cover. Rainfall volume is measured by formula; V = Rainfall.area, while the infiltration wells using formula: V = volume (m3).area. The infiltration measurement uses a double ring infiltrometer. Built-up land area are 1.563 km2 (14.77 %) and non built-up area are 9.022km2(85.27 %). The lowest rainfall potential to be absorbed is in May with a volume of 0.282 m3, while the highest is in November with a thickness of 2.912 m. Rainfall volume needs to be absorbed through the infiltration wells on the smallest land unit every 100 m2. The highest rainfall thickness is 2.912, then the volume of 302.40 mm3 was added to the infiltration wells with a length of 1 meter and a wide of 1 meter with a depth of 2.912 meters. Groundwater conservation is highly needed to increase groundwater supply. The highest rainfall volume of 302.40 mm3 could be absorbed in 2.91 hours (174.46 minutes) and the longest is in 3.64 hours. The infiltration wells have a role in storing rainfall to increase groundwater supply so that groundwater surface is also increased.

Air quality is a crucial parameter in human life. One air quality indicator can be observed through Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). If these substances are pollutants such as particulate matter, aerosols, and ozone, it is confident that air quality will deteriorate, threatening human health and causing climate change. AOD monitoring can be used as a basis for policymakers and related parties to maintain the stability of air quality in the atmosphere. Many ground observation stations monitor air quality by obtaining data on PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol particles. However, the number of ground stations is limited, resulting in incomplete data. Fortunately, remote sensing satellites have the advantage of covering large areas and providing continuous observations, with the ability to gather information on large-scale aerosol and obtain spatiotemporal distribution. Therefore, this research aims to obtain AOD through Himawari-8 and analyze the spatiotemporal air quality in urban areas of West Java based on AOD. The research methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis with an empirical research approach. Assisted by remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems, this research generates AOD data extraction that can be obtained from the new generation satellite of Himawari-8. The distribution of AOD levels and spatiotemporal monitoring in urban areas of West Java is very dynamic depending on anthropogenic activity in a particular area and time. Keywords: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Air Quality, Himawari-8

This research was carried to develop and test Web-GIS worksheet to attain basic competences in geography learning as researched in Class XI IPS in SMAK 3 Bina Bakti Bandung. This research implemented 4D model. The instruments that were used are expert appraisal sheet through the validation of aspect of media and content, percentage of practicality, student performance test, and response questionnaire. The result of this study is the Web-GIS worksheet that is able to be implemented tp support the attainment of Basic Competencies 3.6 and 4.6. Validity of worksheet is indicated by content validity of 91.66% and media validity of 92.5%. Worksheet practicality is proven by 93.75% implementation percentage with students’ performance score as many as 87.83%. Through response questionnaire, there are as many as 88.98% positive responses toward worksheet’s didactic, constructive, and technical requirements, together with basic competencies attainment indicators. Findings from this research indicate that the developed Web-GIS worksheet is valid and practically able to be implemented in geography learning to attain basic competencies of local culture mapping. Keywords: Geography learning, Worksheet, Web-GIS

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persebaran wilayah lahan kritis secara spasial, dan mengkaji parameter fisik yang mempengaruhi lahan kritis dengan memanfaatkan Penginderaan Jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Forest Canopy Density. Data penginderaan jauh yang digunakan, yaitu citra sentinel-2A. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan cara pembobotan (scoring) dan overlay sehingga menghasilkan sebaran wilayah lahan kritis. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi parameter tutupan lahan (kerapatan tajuk), erosi, kemiringan lereng, dan manajemen lahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh wilayah Kecamatan Belinyu didominasi klasifikasi lahan agak kritis dengan luas sebesar 26808.931 Ha. Adapun klasifikasi lahan kritis yang terdapat di Kecamatan Belinyu terdiri dari lahan yang terkategori tidak kritis seluas 3325.71 Ha, potensial kritis seluas 21945.27 Ha, agak kritis seluas 26808.931 Ha, klasifikasi lahan kritis seluas 1617.08 Ha, dan klasifikasi lahan sangat kritis seluas 30.22 Ha di Kecamatan Belinyu. Wilayah dengan tingkat lahan kritis dan sangat kritis paling tinggi berlokasi di Desa Riding Panjang dengan luas lahan kritis dan sangat kritis sebesar 561.78 Ha dan 20.29 Ha. Hasil analisis peta lahan kritis di Kecamatan Belinyu diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada berbagai pihak sebagai arah prioritas rehabilitasi lahan kritis. Abstract: This study aims to map the spatial distribution of critical land areas and examine the physical parameters that affect critical land by utilizing Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The method used in this research is method Forest Canopy Density. The remote sensing data used is sentinel-2A imagery. Processing and analysis of data using Geographic Information System (GIS) by way of weighting(scoring) andoverlay thus producing a distribution of critical land areas. The parameters used in this study include land cover parameters (canopy density), erosion, slope, and land management. Based on the analysis results obtained, the Belinyu District area is dominated by the classification of rather critical land with an area of 26,808,931 Ha. The classification of critical land in Belinyu District consists of 3325.71 Ha of non-critical land, 21945.27 Ha of potential critical, 26808.931 Ha of moderately critical, 1617.08 Ha of critical land classification, and 30.22 Ha of very critical land classification in Belinyu District. Areas with the highest levels of critical and very critical land are located in Riding Panjang Village with critical and very critical land areas of 561.78 Ha and 20.29 Ha. The results of the analysis of critical land maps in Belinyu District are expected to provide recommendations to various parties as a priority direction for rehabilitation of critical lands.  

Vegetation is a group of plants, or all plant species found in a given area, with distinct patterns of temporal and spatial distribution. The presence of plants in a certain area helps to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the level of vegetation density in Jambudipa Village, Cisarua District, Bandung Regency in 2019 and 2022 using the Resistant Vegetation and Atmospheric Index (MSARVI) method. In 2019 there is still a lot of vegetation, but in 2022 the density will decrease. The amount of vegetation decreases due to several factors, such as the construction of settlements and public facilities such as urban developments and public services, which contribute to the decline in vegetation.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the volume of surface runoff in the watersheds, the smallest land unit, and the distribution of infiltration wells to accommodate the volume of rainfall in Bandung Regency. The experimental research method is related to the volume of rainfall that must be controlled in each watershed. Landcover area is known by utilizing Landsat 8 OLI imagery in 2020. The calculation of rainfall intensity is needed to get the volume of rain. Samples were analyzed based on built-up land in each watershed. The built area of the Ci Widey watershed is 23.36 km2 and the volume of rainfall and runoff is 680,243 m3, built area of the Ci Sangkuy watershed is 20.05 km2, and the volume is 583,860 m3, built area of the Ci Rasea watershed is 11.74 km2 and the volume is 1258,275 m3, and built area of the Ci Tarik watershed is 68.59 km2 and the volume is 1997,340 m3. On a land unit of 100 m2, the volume of rainfall is 2,912 m3 and the lowest is 0.284 m3. Based on the land area of 100 m2, the distribution of the number of infiltration wells is Ci Widey 340, Ci Sangkuy 292, Ci Rasea 629, and Ci Tarik 999. Control of surface flow according to the volume of rainfall is inserted into infiltration wells that can accommodate a surface runoff volume of 2 m3. With the availability of infiltration wells, the surface flow can be controlled.