Robert Chudzik

A flail chest is one of the possible medical conditions suffered by individuals who were injured in traffic accidents, caused by multiple fractures of the ribs and sternum. Which often results in paradoxical chest movements. The consequence may be respiratory failure and need for long-term mechanical ventilation. Such treatment require Intensive Care Unit and may be associated with the possibility of numerous complications.Modified Nuss procedure was performed in 79-year-old man, a victim of a car crash to obtain stabilization of the flail chest. After compensation of paradoxical movements on the third day it was possible to end mechanical ventilation. A quick procedure dedicated to the congenital deformation of the chest made it possible to avoid long, expensive intensive therapy with possible respiratory complications.The NUSS procedure enables the effective and safe treatment of a flail chest in a selected group of patients.

Air purity is one of the factors affecting human health. Over the years, numerous scientific reports have provided us with evidence of the effects of air pollution on health. Along with the increase in pollution, the risk of respiratory and circulatory diseases in particular increases. The main pollutants are Airborne particulate matters (PM) which, depending on the size, vary between 2.5 and 10. Their presence is mainly related to the burning of fossil fuels. Another significant air pollutant is NO2, mainly related to road transport. It is believed that the long term exposure to NO2 could increase inflammation. The negative effect of air pollution is also associated with an increased frequency of strokes, exacerbations of mental illnesses and also with diseases of the digestive system. We analyzed the data available in the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR), Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection and Air Quality Guidelines, We checked air pollution by the means of PM2.5 , PM10 and NO2 and thanks to mathematical equation delivered by Saskia C. van der Zee converted them into number of passively smoked cigarettes. Above data we compared to lung cancer morbidity in Świętokrzyskie Region. Based on the latest published data, we can infer that in 2010-2018 each citizen of Świętokrzyskie Region smoked average 9,8 cigarettes a day +/- 2,3. The incidence of lung cancer is more or less the same number with a slight upward trend. After 61 years everyone in the exanimated region had 30 package-years of passive smoking and high risk of lung cancer. Air quality in Poland is not rewarding, exceeding WHO Guidelines 2005 recommendations translates into an increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

According to WHO, clean air is considered as one of the basic criterion influencing human health. Airborne particulate matters (PM) 2,5 are mixtures of organic and inorganic particles smaller than 2.5 µm. They have broad negative effect on health especially on respiratory and cardiovascular system. They could increase the sensitivity to air ways infections, worsen: allergic diseases, hypertension, myocardial infarction and also increase the risk of neoplastic diseases. NO2 pollution arises mainly during burning of fossil fuels, which is mainly related to road transport. On the basis of numerous scientific research, it is believed that the long term exposure to NO2 could increase inflammation and eventually lead to higher cancer morbidity. We analyzed the data available in the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR), Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection and Air Quality Guidelines, We checked air pollution by the means of PM2.5and NO2 and thanks to mathematical equation delivered by Saskia C. van der Zee converted them into number of passively smoked cigarettes. Above data we compared to lung cancer morbidity in Lubelskie Region.Based on the latest available data and literature, we can conclude that in 2013-2017 each inhabitant of Lubelskie Region smoked average 8 cigarettes a day +/- 2. The incidence of lung cancer is more or less the same number. After 75 years everyone in the exanimated region had 30 package-years of passive smoking and high risk of lung cancer. Over same period of time cumulative risk of lung cancer according to PNCR were in women almost 2% and in men almost 6%Air quality in Poland is not satisfactory, exceeding the standards presented in the WHO Guidelines 2005, we can assume that this translates into a high risk of the incidence of lung cancer among our inhabitants.

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the most important issues of our times. Air quality assessment is based on the measurement of the concentration of substances formed during the combustion process and micro-particles suspended in the air in the form of an aerosol. Microscopic atmospheric...