Manohar Madgi

In this paper, a comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is carried out, and an exploration of the two machine learning (ML) methods that help to identify the disease in its initial stages. Alzheimer's disease is a neurocognitive disorder occurring in people in their early onset. This disease causes the person to suffer from memory loss, unusual behavior, and language problems. Early detection is essential for developing more advanced treatments for AD. Machine learning (ML), a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), uses various probabilistic and optimization techniques to help computers learn from huge and complicated data sets. To diagnose AD in its early stages, researchers generally use machine learning. The survey provides a broad overview of current research in this field and analyses the classification methods used by researchers working with ADNI data sets. It discusses essential research topics such as the data sets used, the evaluation measures employed, and the machine learning methods used. Our presentation suggests a model that helps better understand current work and highlights the challenges and opportunities for innovative and useful research. The study shows which machine learning method holds best for the ADNI data set. Therefore, the focus is given to two methods: the 18-layer convolutional network and the 3D convolutional network. Hence, CNNs with multi-layered fetch more accurate results as compared to 3D CNN. The work also contributes to the use of the ADNI data set, where the classification of training and testing samples is divided with such a number that brings the highest accuracy achieved with 18-layer CNN. The work concentrates on the early prediction of Alzheimer's disease with machine learning methods. Thus, the accuracy achieved is 98% for 18-layer CNN.

Image processing is used in all the domains including agriculture. In this paper, we have introduced a computationally simple and small feature vector, as a tool for the recognition of green colour vegetable images. The RGB colour system is used and the feature set is computationally economic and performs well on locally available vegetable images. For recognition of vegetable images, an ANN-based classifier is deployed. The recognition percentage is in the scale of 74–100 for 15 vegetable types. This work finds application in the packing of vegetables, food processing, automatic vending.

This paper presents a method for classification of vegetables based on RGB colour and local binary pattern (LBP) texture features. The feature vector comprises of the combination of colour and texture features that contribute to the classification. Leafy and non-leafy vegetable images are deployed. In this work 18 varieties of vegetables are considered by choosing nine leafy and nine non-leafy vegetables. A multilayer neural network is used for the classification. The experimental results demonstrated that, with neural networks classifier an overall classification accuracy of 93.3% is achieved across different vegetables. The work finds useful in developing recognition system for super market, packing and grading of vegetable, food processing and Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC).

A methodology to characterize the commonly used Indian non-leafy vegetables' images is developed. From the captured images of Indian non-leafy vegetables, color components, namely, RGB and HSV features are extracted, analyzed and classified. A feed forward backpropagation artificial neural network (BPNN) is used for the classification. The results show that it has good robustness and a very high success rate in the range of 96-100% for eight types of vegetables. The work finds usefulness in developing recognition system for super market, automatic vending, packing and grading of vegetables, food preparation and Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC).