Shinsei Ryu

Quantum magic, quantified by nonstabilizerness, measures departures from stabilizer structure and underlies potential quantum speedups. We introduce an efficient classical framework for computing stabilizer Rényi entropies and stabilizer nullity of generic N-qubit wave functions. The method combines the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform with an exact partition of Pauli operators, reducing the average cost per sampled Pauli string from O(2^{N}) to O(N). We further develop a Monte Carlo estimator with Clifford preconditioning and find that the required number of samples shows no visible growth with N in our benchmarks. Applying the method to T-doped random Clifford circuits, we identify the scrambling ratio η (Clifford gates per T gate) as the key parameter governing magic growth. Each T gate approaches its dilute-limit nonstabilizerness power with only modest Clifford scrambling. Our approach enables quantitative studies of magic in highly entangled states and long-time nonequilibrium dynamics.

We introduce the notion of higher Berry connection and curvature in the space of conformal boundary conditions in ( 1 + 1 ) d conformal field theories, related to each other by exactly marginal boundary deformations, forming a “boundary conformal manifold.” Our definition builds upon previous works on tensor networks, such as matrix product states, where the triple inner product or multiwavefunction overlap plays a key geometric role. On the one hand, our boundary conformal field theory formulation of higher Berry phase provides a new analytic tool to study families of invertible phases in condensed matter systems. On the other hand, it uncovers a new geometric structure on the moduli space of conformal boundary conditions, beyond the usual Riemannian structure defined through the Zamolodchikov metric. When the boundary conformal manifold has an interpretation as the position moduli space of a D-brane, our higher Berry connection coincides with the Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz (NS-NS) -field in string theory. The general definition does not require such an interpretation and is formulated purely field theoretically, in terms of correlation functions of boundary-condition-changing operators. We also explore a connection between higher Berry connections and functional Berry connections in the loop spaces of boundary conformal manifolds.

Higher-form symmetry in a tensor product Hilbert space is always emergent: The symmetry generators become genuinely topological only when the Gauss law is energetically enforced at low energies. In this Letter, we present a general method for defining the 't Hooft anomaly of higher-form symmetries in lattice models built on a tensor product Hilbert space. In (2+1)D, for given Gauss-law operators realized by finite-depth circuits that generate a finite 1-form G symmetry, we construct an index representing a cohomology class in H^{4}(B^{2}G,U(1)), which characterizes the corresponding 't Hooft anomaly. This construction generalizes the Else-Nayak characterization of 0-form symmetry anomalies. More broadly, under the assumption of a specified formulation of the p-form G symmetry action and Hilbert space structure in arbitrary d spatial dimensions, we show how to characterize the 't Hooft anomaly of the symmetry action by an index valued in H^{d+2}(B^{p+1}G,U(1)).