Domingos Fornasieri Filho

Common bean has been the main crop in succession to corn and Brachiaria in no-tillage systems, in the Brazilian Savannah. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage. A randomized block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replications, was used. The plots consisted of three crop systems (corn in sole crop, corn + Urochloa ruziziensis intercropped and U. ruziziensis in sole crop) and the subplots by five nitrogen rates (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1). There is interaction between predecessor cropping systems and N rates for grain yield, milling efficiency specifically on sieve 13, as well as for the grain hydration ratio. Increasing topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn in sole crop promote increases in grain yield, resulting in a milling efficiency in the oblong-hole sieve 14 higher than in the other crop systems evaluated. The increase of the topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn and U. ruziziensis in sole crops or intercropped does not influence the time for maximum hydration of the grains, but reduces their cooking time, mainly in succession to U. ruziziensis and corn in sole crops.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio em cobertura e das palhadas de milho, de milho consorciado com braquiária e de braquiária sobre a produtividade e a qualidade de grãos do feijoeiro. O experimento foi realizado em área irrigada, no cultivo de inverno, após cinco anos da implantação do sistema plantio direto, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura argilosa. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por palha de milho, palha de milho consorciado com braquiária e palha de braquiária; enquanto as subparcelas, pelas doses de N em cobertura correspondentes a 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha^-1. Todos os tratamentos receberam 17 kg ha¹ de N na semeadura. O feijoeiro cultivado sobre palha de braquiária atinge maior produtividade de grãos e maior eficiência agronômica. Os atributos qualitativos dos grãos não são alterados pelas diferentes palhadas avaliadas. A aplicação do N em cobertura aumentou o teor de proteína bruta e o tempo de cozimento dos grãos de feijão, além da produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro até a dose de 136 kg ha^-1 de N.

Crop production in conservation systems involving intercropped cultivations mainly with corn have been proposed as a technology to promote sustainability in the Brazilian Cerrado areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of residual nitrogen fertilization applied in common bean on subsequent corn sole or intercropped with Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) in no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with three replicates in a split-plot design. The treatments were composed by two cropping systems (sole and intercropped with Congo grass), and the sub-plots were five doses of nitrogen (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha^-1), applied in topdressing on common-bean (previous crop). There was no effect of cropping systems and residual amount of nitrogen application in the vegetative and reproductive development of corn. Corn intercropped with Congo grass leaded an adequate formation of crop residue and total land covering target at sustainability of no-tillage system.

In no-tillage systems, straw coverage on soil surface is the key to success, and the choice of crops for rotation is crucial to achieve the sustainability and quality that conservation agriculture requires. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the common bean cultivar IAC Formoso sown in succession to three straw mulch systems (corn alone, corn/Urochloa ruziziensisintercrop and U. ruziziensisalone) and topdress nitrogen rates (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha^-1N), at the four-leaf stage, three years after the implementation of no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block split plot design, with three replications. Common bean highest yields were achieved in succession to U. ruziziensisalone and intercropped with corn. The corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop provided both straw and seed production, allowing for quality no-tillage. Topdressed nitrogen influenced the common bean yield when in succession to corn alone, U. ruziziensisalone and corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop in no-tillage.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits and the popping expansion index of three Brazilian popcorn cultivars under different row spacings and plant populations. The trials were performed during two crop seasons, under field conditions. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block, in a split-split plot, with 27 treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented in a triple factorial arrangement: three row spacings (0.40, 0.60, and 0.80 m), three plant populations (40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 plants per hectare), and three popcorn cultivars (IAC-TC 01, IAC 12, and Zelia). The increase in plant population causes a reduction in the number of grains per ear, lower prolificacy, and grain weight loss. Cultivar grain yield is affected by row spacing and popcorn plant population. Cultivar IAC 12 shows highest grain yield under row spacings of 0.40 and 0.60 m and plant population between 60,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare. The popping expansion index is not affected by row spacing or plant population.

Against the background of a growing world population, rice (Oryza sativa L.) consumption is expected to grow faster than its production. Therefore, an appropriate question would be: how to increase productivity in the short-term? In this respect, it becomes important the implementation of modern agricultural production systems, such as upland rice with supplemental sprinkler irrigation. Additional information is needed to maximize the available resources, with special attention given to research on the use of nitrogen. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of commercial rice cultivars with different plant characteristics in upland conditions with supplemental sprinkler irrigation, when subjected to nitrogen in topdress application at the R1 stage (panicle differentiation). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block with split plot design, with 65 treatments, consisting of the combination of 13 cultivars in the plots, and five nitrogen levels in the subplots (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1), with four replications. Genetic variability was detected among rice cultivars and the agronomic performance in response to the applied nitrogen. The topdressing application of nitrogen increases, in general, the production components and grain yield in rice. Cultivars BRS Primavera, Caiapó and IAC 202 stood out for grain yield, followed by Baldo, Carnaroli, BRS Curinga and IAC 500 with lower yields.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijoeiro irrigado (inverno-primavera), no primeiro ano de implantação do sistema de semeadura direta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, dispostos em blocos casualizados. As parcelas foram formadas por três formas de cobertura do solo, milho-grão, milhogrão consorciado com Brachiaria ruziziensis e apenas B. ruziziensis. As subparcelas foram formadas por cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1), utilizando a uréia como fonte de nitrogênio. Foi determinada a massa seca da palhada presente como cobertura do solo anteriormente à semeadura da cultura do feijoeiro, o momento do florescimento pleno, o teor foliar de nitrogênio total, a massa de 100 grãos, a produtividade de grãos, a renda de beneficiamento, os atributos químicos do solo e a análise econômica da produção de grãos de feijão. Verificou-se que a produtividade de grãos de feijão em sucessão ao milho-grão foi influenciada positivamente pela adubação nitrogenada, sendo economicamente viável apenas quando fornecido 160 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio e que o uso do consórcio entre milho-grão e B. ruziziensis é a melhor opção quando o feijoeiro é semeado em sucessão.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) stands out as a staple food of the world population due to important nutritional properties. However, rice physico-chemical parameters vary according to genotype and management, for example, the use of nitrogen fertilizer. The aim of this work was to evaluate physico-chemical parameters of grains from thirteen cultivars of upland rice under supplemental sprinkler irrigation and fertilized with different nitrogen rates by topdressing (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1)). Parameters such as milling efficiency, commercial grade, gelatinization temperature, as well as total nitrogen and crude protein contents of grains were evaluated. Nitrogen fertilization positively influences the whole grain yield, especially IAC 25 and BRS Colosso. BRS Aroma, IAC 202, IAC 500, BEST 2000, Curinga and Baldo have a high percentage of broken grains. The cultivars Baldo and Carnaroli (appropriate for Italian cuisine), IAC 25 and Caiapo are classified as long grain and the others, as long-thin. The cultivars, except CIRAD 141, displayed grain gelatinization temperature between intermediate and low, providing quick cooking. The grain content protein varies among cultivars, and it can be increased with nitrogen fertilization