Ampika Nanbancha

Purpose: Visual skills are fundamental for athletic performance, yet studies present mixed evidence regarding the efficacy of visual training, with variations in methodologies and sport-specific applicability contributing to the ongoing debate. This systematic review evaluated various visual training interventions on athletes’ performance from 2012 to 2022.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane (2012–2022) using terms such as ‘visual training’, ‘sports vision’, and ‘cognitive-motor training’ identified 24 eligible randomised controlled trials based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Fourteen distinct visual training programs were analysed, with Quiet Eye Training, Stroboscopic Training, and 3D-MOT Training being the most frequently investigated. Quiet Eye Training improved accuracy, gaze control, and stress regulation. Stroboscopic Training enhanced visuomotor coordination, although its effects on visual perception varied. 3D-MOT Training improved the ability to track multiple moving objects, particularly benefiting dynamic sports such as soccer. However, not all programs yielded significant performance gains, emphasising the importance of sport-specific training approaches.Conclusions: A key limitation was the variation in study designs and outcomes, which hindered direct comparisons. This review highlights the potential of visual training to improve athletic performance and underscores the need for future research with standardised protocols, larger sample sizes, and stronger emphasis on sport-specific applications and individual differences among athletes.

OBJECTIVE: Reusi Dat Ton, also known as Thai Yoga, is a traditional therapeutic exercise recognized for its potential in managing health issues such as office syndrome and stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reusi Dat Ton on neck and shoulder range of motion (ROM) using inertial measurement unit (IMU) technology, and on stress levels assessed via heart rate variability and the Suanprung Stress Test-20 (SPST-20).METHODS: Forty-five participants (21 males, 24 females) with a mean age of 35.73 years and a mean body mass index of 23.49 were evaluated pre and post intervention in a 20-minute five specific Reusi Dat Ton therapeutic exercises. Stress levels were assessed using the SPST-20 and a cardiac health monitor, while ROM was measured using the Ultium Motion system with IMU technology.RESULTS: The Reusi Dat Ton intervention led to significant reductions in SPST-20 scores (p < 0.001) and heart rate (p < 0.001), along with significant improvements in stress resilience (p < 0.01) and right shoulder flexion (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Reusi Dat Ton effectively reduced stress levels, enhanced stress resilience, and improved right shoulder mobility. These findings support its use as a therapeutic exercise for individuals with office syndrome and related conditions.

The psychological states are essential to maintain a healthy balance and optimize performance, especially in athletes. Sex-related differences in elite athletes are one of the important factors, which are ambiguous. This study aims to explore sex differences in psychological states of 36 professional athletes (12M/24F, 21.6±3.9 y, 166.3±8.9 cm, 56.4±11.3 kg, mean±SD) in the lead-up to a major international competition using objective (quantitative electroencephalogram, QEEG) and subjective measures (Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, ASCI-28). Participants included fifteen gymnasts, eleven swimmers, and ten e-sports players. QEEG measurements were collected during 5 minutes at rest before athletes completed the ASCI-28 scale. Data were obtained during training camp within 3 months before the competition. QEEG data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) to report the linear predictor of QEEG in brain areas (random) and sex (fixed). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to ACSI-28 subscales data to compare sex groups. Female athletes exhibited higher EEG activity in the theta power in the parietal and occipital areas and the beta power in the pre-frontal and temporal areas. Furthermore, significant sex differences were found in the coping with adversity (p =0.038) and goal setting/mental preparation subscales of the ACSI-28. The correlations between the QEEG and questionnaire scores were low to moderate correlations for female athletes, and moderate correlations for male athletes. A significant correlation was observed in both male and female athletes between activity in the temporal region within theta and beta frequency bands (QEEG), and the coping with aversity subscale (questionnaire). These findings provide valuable insights for sports psychologists to design appropriate psychological interventions and for future studies examining the impact of differential psychological interventions for male and female athletes to optimize well-being and performance.

Walking rehabilitation following injury or disease involves voluntary gait modification, yet the specific brain signals underlying this process remains unclear. This aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an auditory cue on changes in brain activity when walking overground (O) and on a treadmill (T) using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with a 32-electrode montage. Employing a between-group repeated-measures design, 24 participants (age: 25.7 ± 3.8 years) were randomly allocated to either an O (n = 12) or T (n = 12) group to complete two walking conditions (self-selected speed control (sSC) and speed control (SC)). The differences in brain activities during the gait cycle were investigated using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM). The addition of an auditory cue did not modify cortical activity in any brain area during the gait cycle when walking overground (all p > 0.05). However, significant differences in EEG activity were observed in the delta frequency band (0.5–4 Hz) within the sSC condition between the O and T groups. These differences occurred at the central frontal (loading phase) and frontocentral (mid stance phase) brain areas (p < 0.05). Our data suggest auditory cueing has little impact on modifying cortical activity during overground walking. This may have practical implications in neuroprosthesis development for walking rehabilitation, sports performance optimization, and overall human quality-of-life improvement.

Visual processing is crucial for sports performance, influencing athletes' ability to interpret and respond to visual stimuli. This study investigated distinct visual processing patterns among Thai elite athletes in gymnastics, soccer, and esports, utilizing visual P300 event-related potentials (P300 ERPs). Forty-two female athletes (14 gymnasts, 14 soccer players, and 14 esports athletes) participated. Visual P300 ERP responses were stimulated using the visual oddball paradigm. One-way ANOVA was employed to assess significant differences among the groups in P300 ERPs data, including amplitude and latency of waveforms, response time, and accuracy rate. Significant differences were found across the groups in various parameters. Esports athletes exhibited longer P300 ERP latencies at the frontal electrode sites compared to gymnasts (p = 0.01), suggesting slower visual processing in the frontal brain regions. Gymnasts demonstrated the fastest response times, significantly quicker than esports and soccer players (p < 0.01). In contrast, soccer players exhibited the highest accuracy rate (p = 0.03). These findings underscore athletes' diverse visual processing strategies in different sports contexts, reflecting sport-specific adaptations. Understanding these distinct visual processing patterns can guide targeted interventions aimed at improving cognitive abilities and decision-making processes among elite athletes, ultimately contributing to better overall performance.

Background: A validity and reliability assessment of inertial measurement unit (IMU)-derived joint angular kinematics during walking is a necessary step for motion analysis in the lower extremity prosthesis user population. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system compared to an optical motion capture (OMC) system in transtibial prosthesis (TTP) users. Methods: Thirty TTP users were recruited and underwent simultaneous motion capture from IMU and OMC systems during walking. Reliability and validity were assessed using intra- and inter-subject variability with standard deviation (S.D.), average S.D., and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The intra-subject S.D. for all rotations of the lower limb joints were less than 1° for both systems. The IMU system had a lower mean S.D. (^o), as seen in inter-subject variability. The ICC revealed good to excellent agreement between the two systems for all sagittal kinematic parameters. Conclusion: All joint angular kinematic comparisons supported the IMU system’s results as comparable to OMC. The IMU was capable of precise sagittal plane motion data and demonstrated validity and reliability to OMC. These findings evidence that when compared to OMC, an IMU system may serve well in evaluating the gait of lower limb prosthesis users.

This study aimed to provide a version of Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) for the Thai younger adult population and examine psychometric properties and determine the cut-off score.CAIT-Yout...

Objective: To investigate the effects of high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) with action observation and execution (AOE) on social interaction and communication and in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Materials and methods: Fifteen children underwent 10 sessions of 5-Hz HF-rTMS on the right inferior frontal gyrus combined with AOE. An experimental group received the real HF-rTMS while the control group received the sham one. For the AOE protocol, they were instructed to watch and imitate a video showing the procedure, including reaching and grasping tasks, gustatory tasks, and facial expressions. Their behavioural outcomes were evaluated using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded at three time points: baseline, immediately after each treatment, and at the 1-week follow-up after the 10th treatment. Results: There was a reduction in the VABS subitem scores of the experimental group, including the receptive, expressive, domestic, and community scores but no such reductions were observed in the control group. For the EEG, the beta rhythm at C3 and C4 increased in the experimental group. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between changes in the scores for the expressive subitem and changes in the beta rhythm on the C4 electrode at baseline and immediately after treatment in the experimental group. The control group showed no significant differences in any items for both observation and imitation times. Conclusion: Ten sessions of HF-rTMS combined with AOE had immediate and persistent effects after 1 week on the subitems of communication and daily living skills domain in children aged 7-12 years with ASD. This improvement may be partly attributable to increased cortical activity, as evidenced by beta rhythms.