Sandra Dircinha Teixeira DE Araujo Moraes

Introduction: Feminicide is considered the maximum expression of gender violence. Brazil is among the countries with the highest rate of feminicide in the world. Between 2001 and 2011, more than 50,000 feminicide were recorded in Brazil, an average of 5,000 cases per year. Objective: To analyze the characteristics and evolution of feminicide rates in Brazil. Method: Ecological study of temporal series with secondary data obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. We estimate feminicide rates for 2015-2019. The cases of feminicide were analyzed for the following outcomes: type of instrument used by the aggressor, age and race of the woman, and events that preceded feminicide. All analyzes were performed using the Stata 15.1 statistical software. Study is exempt from authorization from the Research Ethics Committee according to resolution 510/2016 of the National Health Council. Results: The absolute number of femicides increased between 2015 and 2019, as well as their participation among the external causes of death of women. We observed probable underreporting of feminicide of transsexual and lesbian women, with 76 cases reported between 2014 and 2017. In 2019, we observed that 60.6% of assaults against women occur in the victim's home, with 36.0% of cases on weekends. The instruments of aggression involved firearms (50.0%), piercing or blunt or blunt instruments (34.0%), and hanging or suffocation (6.0%). Physical abuse, sexual violence, neglect, abandonment, mental cruelty and torture were identified in 14.0% of deaths. Conclusion: Feminicide rates in Brazil are increasing, with probable underreporting of cases among black, transsexual and lesbian women.

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is considered a public health problem of worldwide scope. The objective is to analyze the findings in the literature that address the phenomenon of sexual violence against children and adolescents in the school environment; is an integrative literature review that has as its element-problem of interest children and adolescent victims of sexual violence in schools. The research filters used were: the availability of the text (free full text) and publication date (in the last five years); Initially, 1199 studies were identified, then, after application of filters and the removal of duplicated studies, a total of 175 studies was reached. Subsequently, the selection of articles occurred with the sieve of the titles, resulting in 20 studies. From these, 13 proceeded to the eligibility stage, with three being excluded after a full reading. Therefore, nine studies composed the final sample. One of the factors related to the occurrence of sexual violence against children and adolescents in schools is the absence of educational spaces on the subject, being the main parameter for approaching the outline of identification and prevention strategies, with the insertion of sexual education on the school routine, with the participation of the family.

Background and Objectives: In pregnancies resulting from incest, the adolescent maintains close family and emotional relations with the aggressor, different from what occurs when pregnancy results from sexual violence by strangers. Evidence indicates that this type of relationship with the aggressor may interfere in the dynamics of such violence and the adolescent’s access to health services. Materials and Methods: The objective of this research was to describe and correlate aspects associated with pregnancy when resulting from rape of adolescents in situations of incest; rape when perpetrated by an unknown aggressor and an abortion as allowed by law was sought. Method: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study of adolescents treated at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, bringing an allegation of pregnancy, resulting from sexual violence and a request for abortion as allowed by law. A total of 311 adolescents, being 134 in the “pregnancy from incest group”, and 174 in the group “pregnancies resulting from rape by a stranger” were considered under the study variables; relationships were investigated using the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The study included 137 cases (44.1%) of pregnancy resulting from incest, and 174 cases (55.9%) of pregnancy from rape by a stranger. In cases of incest, a declaration of religion (92.0%) was significantly more frequent, and the adolescents were approached in spaces considered safe or private (92.7%); the aggressor taking advantage of the adolescent’s legal condition of vulnerability as a function of age (83.3%). Cases of incest presented a lower median adolescent age and greater gestational development, with gestations being ≥ 13 weeks prevailing. Conclusion: Cases of pregnancy by incest presented indicators suggesting both proximity and relationship with the aggressor, and pregnancy at a very early age, which postponed the adolescent’s procurement of health service, and interfered negatively with abortion assistance as allowed by law.

Hydatidiform mole (HM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of human trophoblast with producers functioning tissues of human chorionic gonadotropin. It can evolve with ovarian cysts tecaluteínicos, hypertension of pregnancy or hyperthyroidism. The incidence of HM is variable and its etiology poorly known, associated with nutritional factors, environmental, age, parity, history of HM, oral contraceptives, smoking, consanguinity or defects in germ cells. There is no reference in literature on HM resulting from sexual violence, objective of this report.