Ahmed Hanafy Ismail

Shammah, also known as smokeless tobacco, is a form of tobacco product consumed without combustion, commonly used in various cultures, particularly in the Middle East and parts of Africa. The experiment was conducted in four groups control male and female, also treated male and female. The administration of Shammah extract induced significant hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in both female and male rats. Treated females showed a decrease in total leukocyte count (TLC) to 9900, while treated males increased to 14,525. Lymphocyte percentage decreased by 9.5% in females and 6.02% in males, with neutrophil counts rising by 24.6% and 20.5%, respectively. Eosinophil levels surged by 240% in females and 50.3% in males. Hemoglobin levels decreased by 12.4–13.1% in females, while males showed a non-significant increase to 15.68. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased to 1.57 in females (57% increase) and 1.93 in males (70.8% increase). Antioxidant enzymes decreased, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 3.53 (116.2% decrease) in females and 3.90 (45.8% decrease) in males. Kidney function assessments revealed elevated urea levels of 36.35 (84.8% increase) in females and 43.17 (131.2% increase) in males, alongside creatinine levels of 1.28 (75.3% increase) in females and 1.56 (90.2% increase) in males. Histopathological examinations showed untreated livers with a typical structure, while treated livers exhibited infiltrative cell aggregations, venous congestion, hemorrhage, and edema. Treated kidneys showed severe glomerular atrophy and degeneration. Spleens from treated groups had blending of white and red pulp, while brains displayed hemorrhage and distorted neurons in males, and ghost neurons in females. Treated testes exhibited dilated blood vessels, edema, and reduced spermatogenesis, while treated ovaries showed cyst formation and vacuolar degeneration. These findings indicate significant oxidative stress and organ damage associated with Shammah extract exposure.

Allergic disorders rising in prevalence globally, affecting a substantial proportion of individuals in industrialized nations. The imbalance in the immune system, characterized by elevated allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, is a key factor in allergy development. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment capable of alleviating allergic symptoms, preventing new sensitizations, and reducing asthma risk in allergic rhinitis patients. Traditional AIT, however, faces challenges such as frequent administration, adverse effects, and inconsistent patient outcomes. Nanoparticle-based approaches have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance AIT. This review explores the utilization of nanoparticles in AIT, highlighting their ability to interact with the immune system and improve therapeutic outcomes. Various types of nanoparticles, including polyesters, polysaccharide polymers, liposomes, protamine-based nanoparticles (NPs), and polyanhydrides, have been employed as adjuvants or carriers to enhance AIT’s efficacy and safety. Nanoparticles offer advantages such as allergen protection, improved immune response modulation, targeted cell delivery, and reduced side effects. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of nanoparticle-based allergen immunotherapy, discussing its potential to revolutionize allergy treatment compared to traditional immunotherapy.

The notable increase in the use of advanced visualization tools has significantly impacted the realms of learning, training, and construction site management. These tools facilitate the creation of interactive environments and virtual realities, contributing to the effective enhancement of understanding educational materials. This research aims to explore how the learning experience in construction engineering can be improved through the utilization of visualization tools and technology, with a particular focus on the effectiveness of virtual reality and 4D simulation in enhancing students' comprehension of construction project phases. The study also seeks to investigate the impact of applying Edgar Dale's Cone of Learning principles in designing the educational process, teaching students the intricacies of construction. The goal is to stimulate student engagement and deepen their exploration of the technical details of construction projects. The results demonstrated a tangible improvement in students' understanding of construction plans. The incorporation of advanced visualization tools proved instrumental in enhancing students' comprehension of construction processes, with a notable improvement in accurately and logically grasping construction plans and schedules. الملخص تزايد استخدام أدوات التخيل المتقدمة بشكل ملحوظ في مجالات التعلم، والتدريب، وإدارة مواقع البناء. تتيح هذه الأدوات إنشاء بيئات تفاعلية وواقع افتراضي، مساهمة في تعزيز فهم المواد التعليمية بفعالية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى استكشاف كيف يمكن تحسين تجربة التعلم في هندسة البناء باستخدام أدوات التخيل والتكنولوجيا، مع التركيز على فعالية الواقع الافتراضي والمحاكاة رباعية الأبعاد في تعزيز فهم الطلاب لمراحل مشاريع البناء. يسعى البحث أيضا لاستكشاف تأثير تطبيق مبادئ مخروط التعلم لإدغار ديل في تصميم العملية التعليمية للتعليم كيفية البناء، بهدف تحفيز مشاركة الطلاب وتعميق استكشافهم للتفاصيل الفنية للمشاريع البنائية. أظهرت النتائج تحسينا ملموسا في فهم الطلاب لخطط البناء، بالاستعانة بأدوات التخيل في تعزيز فهم الطلاب للعمليات البنائية، مع تحسين ملحوظ في استيعاب خطط جداول البناء بطريقة...

This study aimed to evaluate the impact ofC. schoenanthusessential oil (CSEO) on the immune system, antioxidant balance, and histological changes in the kidney and spleen of female BALB/C mice. The chemical composition of CSEO was analyzed using GC-MS. Twenty-nine compounds were identified, representing 99.04% of the total detected. The main components were Piperitone (47.93%), Elemol (11.91%), 2-Carene (10.69%), β-eudesmol (7.67%), α-eudesmol (5.12%), and γ-eudesmol (4.24%). For bioassay, the mice were divided into three groups: control, 0.5% CSEO (G1), and 1% CSEO (G2). The effects of CSEO on various markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, creatinine, and cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), were evaluated. Additionally, kidney and spleen histopathological examinations were conducted. The treatment groups showed a significant increase in IL-4, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels compared to the control group, except for G1, which showed a non-significant decrease in TGF-β1 levels. Group 2 exhibited a significant increase in MDA levels compared to the control group, while group 1 had a nonsignificant increase. Both treatments showed a significant increase in GSH levels, while SOD and CAT levels showed a non-significant increase in G2 and a non-significant decrease in G1. Urea levels showed a non-significant increase, while creatinine levels were significantly decreased in G2 and non-significantly decreased in G1 compared to the control group. The histopathological examinations revealed congested red pulp with activated hematopoiesis and focal fibrosis in spleen sections of both G1 and G2. The study suggests that medicinal herbs such as CSEO need to be used with caution, and their effects should be evaluated carefully, especially in terms of dose-dependent effects. The results indicate that high doses of CSEO may increase the levels of some cytokines and antioxidants and have harmful effects on kidney architecture, congested red pulp, and fibrosis with increased hematopoiesis. Therefore, the random use of medicinal herbs may have harmful effects and needs to be carefully controlled to ensure safe use.

الملخصيواجه قطاع البناء في مصر العديد من التحديات المتعلقة بمرحلة التشييد، واهمها إهدار الجهد والوقت والمال (بذل مجهود او إنفاق بدون إضافة قيمة حقيقية للمشروع) مما يؤدي إلي زيادة في زمن وتكلفة المشروع دون إضافة قيمة. وبالتالي فالتخلص من الهدر سيؤدي إلي تحسين أداء المشروع، وتعزيز القيمة لإصحاب المصلحة من المشروع. ومن ثم يفترض الباحث أن اعتماد نهج البناء الخالي من الهدر lean construction (LC) أمر ضروري لتقليل الهدرwaste في مشروعات البناء وتحسين اداء قطاع البناء المصري ككل. وذلك من خلال الاعتماد على منهجية مبسطة تؤثر على الوقت والتكلفة والجودة والسلامة وتحسين التحكم في العملية الادارية، وإدارة الموارد، والانشطة والعلاقات بين فريق المشروع بشكل إيجابي. ومما سبق فالهدف الرئيسي للبحث هو فحص وتحليل قدرة مبادئ البناء الخالي من الهدر على تقليل الهدر في عملية البناء من خلال دراسة حالة تطبيقية لمشروع بناء كبير في مصر وتطبيق منهجية lean construction (LC) عليه لاستفادة من إمكانياتها للحد من الهدر في البناء وبخاصة في مرحلة التشطيبات. وتعتبر هذه الدراسة مفيدة من ناحيتين. اولاً: تحديدًا الاسباب الرئيسية للهدر في صناعة البناء المصرية. ثانيًا: تطبيق...

Cities confront massive issues like Disasters, climate change, urbanization, population growth, and economic growth; it is necessary to reduce their impact to the minimum possible. To accomplish this, A smart, resilient society intended to manage cities using Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent information technologies to improve the ability to resist, absorb, and adapt to external changes resulting in urban resilience. Beyond that, constructing a smart, resilient city is a more advanced strategy for reducing vulnerabilities to emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. This study proposes a conceptual design for smart resilience cities and explores how a system can improve risk reduction and adaptation approaches and natural disaster recovery. Using various examples, the various states how smart cities' characteristics help cities be more resilient to disasters. The paper explains the differences and similarities between a smart city and a resilient city.

Introduction: Isolated sphenoid sinus lesions cause symptoms such as headache and visual abnormalities. Endoscopic examination and imaging modalities are mandatory to reach diagnosis.Objectives: To validate the importance of direct trans-nasal trans-sphenoid endoscopic approach as a minimally invasive surgical strategy in isolated sphenoid sinus and sellar lesions.Patients & Methods: There are 21 patients in our study, collected over 2 years period. we recorded all patients with isolated sphenoid sinus and sellar lesions. These patients were scheduled for direct trans-nasal trans-sphenoid endoscopic approach for surgical management. Pituitary adenomas affect ten of them, and isolated sphenoid sinus lesions affect eleven. Complete medical history was taken, as well as general examination and local examination including full ENT examination including endoscopic examination, neurological examination, and ophthalmological examination. Routine laboratory investigations, hormonal assay (in patients with pituitary tumors), and radiological evaluation was done.Results: we faced 21 patients 10 of them had pituitary adenomas and 11 of them had isolated sphenoid sinus lesions. 7 patients had non-secretory pituitary adenomas, 3 patients had secretory adenomas, 4 patients had sphenoid sinus mucoceles, 2 patients had spheno-choanal polyps, 2 patients had isolated sphenoid sinus fungal sinusitis, one patient had a granulomatous lesion, one patient had a neoplastic lesion (squamous cell carcinoma), and one patient had unilateral isolated sphenoiditis. Conclusion: Direct trans-nasal trans-sphenoid endoscopic approach is the preferred option for optimal surgical management of patients with isolated sphenoid sinus and sellar lesions.