Pedro Paulo de Freitas

As zonas costeiras, caracterizadas por alta densidade populacional, tornaram-se destinos turísticos estratégicos, exercendo forte influência sobre a gestão urbana. No entanto, a ocupação desordenada dessas áreas levou à expansão de redes de esgoto e ao lançamento significativo de material orgânico nos corpos d'água, resultando na degradação progressiva da qualidade ambiental. Este estudo avalia as condições físico-químicas das águas superficiais no sistema costeiro próximo ao município de Salinópolis, especificamente entre os canais de maré do Destacado e Marumipi, que interagem diretamente com áreas urbanizadas da cidade. O objetivo é quantificar o impacto do turismo na qualidade da água e analisar como as variações sazonais de precipitação afetam o sistema, considerando as diretrizes ambientais vigentes. A metodologia incluiu medições in situ realizadas quinzenalmente com um multi-analisador de água HANNA - modelo HI98194, permitindo a determinação de variáveis físico-químicas como temperatura, sólidos dissolvidos totais (TDS), salinidade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido (OD). Os resultados evidenciaram uma forte influência da precipitação sobre essas variáveis, particularmente nos níveis de temperatura, salinidade e TDS. O pH permaneceu em faixa alcalina, enquanto os valores de OD apresentaram preocupantes reduções, sugerindo um consumo excessivo de oxigênio associado à presença de matéria orgânica derivada do esgoto doméstico. Além disso, a influência da urbanização foi mais pronunciada nos períodos de maior fluxo turístico, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias eficazes de gestão ambiental. O monitoramento contínuo dos sistemas costeiros é essencial para embasar políticas de conservação, sendo imprescindível a realização de estudos de médio e longo prazo para uma avaliação mais precisa da qualidade ambiental dessas áreas.

The NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) AX97 High Density eXpendable Bathy­Thermo­graph (XBT) transect constitutes the longest sustained monitoring system of the Brazil Current (BC), having so far provided two decades of observational data. The BC plays an important role in oceanic variability and related processes, as it significantly influences regional and global climate dynamics. The BC is also the main pathway by which subtropical waters are carried to high latitudes. The AX97 data integration into assimilation schemes enhances the accuracy of short-term ocean predictions and long-term reanalyses, benefiting global forecasting centers by improving ocean models at regional, basin, and global scales. Moreover, the AX97 data contribute to global datasets used to quantify ocean heat content, and they are pivotal in assessing high-resolution ocean forecast systems and Earth system models, including those employed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This bimonthly sampling effort, a collaboration between Brazilian universities, the Brazilian Navy, and NOAA/AOML, successfully completed 100 cruises between August 2004 and August 2024, deploying 4,704 XBTs along the transect from Rio de Janeiro to Trindade Island near 22°S. Here, we analyze the BC’s structure and variability over the period 2004–2023, examining its behavior under extreme warm and cold oceanic conditions, including positive and negative anomalies in sea surface height and temperature.

La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando las finanzas y los negocios con análisis avanzados, automatización de procesos y predicciones precisas. Aunque mejora la eficiencia y la toma de decisiones, requiere supervisión humana para mantener la ética. La implementación de IA es costosa, demanda capacitación, proporciona mejoras significativas en la gestión de riesgos y en la toma de decisiones financieras, mejora la operación, el servicio al cliente, optimiza carteras e identifica oportunidades de inversión. Sin embargo, surgen desafíos como preocupaciones éticas y de privacidad, la necesidad de interpretar adecuadamente los resultados, asegurar la ciberseguridad y cumplir las regulaciones. La IA automatiza tareas financieras, reduce costos y errores, personaliza servicios al analizar el comportamiento del cliente. No obstante, la dependencia de datos plantea problemas de privacidad y seguridad, los sesgos en los datos pueden afectar la equidad, y complejidad de los algoritmos puede dificultar la transparencia y comprensión de las decisiones automatizadas.

This work presents the proposal design for the completion of a polymer flooding injector well with waterflood flow regulator valves (FRV) in a Colombian field, based on experimental evaluations at the laboratory, intending to reduce the mechanical degradation suffered by the polymer solution at the time of injection, which allows to maintain the design parameters of the improved recovery project and reach the expected recovery factor. An analysis of the parameters and variables that influence the mechanical degradation of the polymer solution during the injection process (polymer solution concentration and the diameters of the FRV) was carried out using one laboratory methodology based on the recommended practices for the evaluation of polymers used in enhanced oil recovery operations API RP63. This work focuses on the following highlights: Evaluation of a waterflood flow regulator valve through experimental tests for polymer flooding and the designing of an initial well completion strategy to minimize mechanical degradation. The proposed valve and diameter resulted in a reduction of only 15 percentage points in the mechanical degradation of the polymeric solution when compared to a commercial water valve.

Agriculture is one of the economic activities with the most potential in Colombia, given its climatic and geographical conditions. Bean cultivation is classified as climbing, which grows in a branched way, and bushy, whose growth occurs up to 70 cm. The objective of this research was to study zinc and iron sulfates in different concentrations as fertilizers capable of increasing the nutritional value of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose strategy is known as biofortification, and thus determine the most effective sulfate. The methodology details the sulfate formulations, their preparation, the application of additives, sampling and quantification methods of total iron, total zinc, °Brix, carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method in leaves and pods. As for the results, it was found that biofortification with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate is a strategy that favors the country’s economy and human health, because it allows the increase of minerals, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids.