Jian Hao

A charge-balanced aqueous hybrid supercapacitor was constructed by coupling Co-modified MnWO₄ nanorods with H₂O₂-treated carbon nanotubes (OH-CNTs) in 1 M KOH. The samples were designated by the nominal Co/(Mn + Co) precursor molar fraction; ICP-OES measured bulk Co fractions of 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.47 ± 0.03, and 0.75 ± 0.04 mol% for the nominal 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8 mol% samples, respectively. Rietveld refinement confirmed retention of the monoclinic P2/c MnWO₄ phase with only small composition-dependent lattice changes. At an active-material loading of 2.00 ± 0.05 mg cm⁻², the optimized nominal 0.5 mol% sample delivered 429.5 ± 11.0 C g⁻¹ (119.3 ± 3.1 mAh g⁻¹) at 1 A g⁻¹ and retained 280.5 ± 8.5 C g⁻¹ (77.9 ± 2.4 mAh g⁻¹) at 15 A g⁻¹. Because the positive electrode exhibits battery-type behavior, specific charge and specific capacity are used as the primary performance descriptors. Over −0.9–0 V vs. SCE, pristine CNT and OH-CNT electrodes delivered of 189.0 ± 7.2 and 246.6 ± 8.1 C g⁻¹, corresponding to electrode-level apparent specific capacitances of 215 ± 8 and 280 ± 9 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ after correction for the measured IR drop. These values apply to the stated 90:5:5 CNT (or OH-CNT)/acetylene-black/PVDF formulation and CNT-active-mass normalization and should not be interpreted as intrinsic capacitances of isolated commercial MWCNT powders. Charge matching based on the measured gave m⁺/m⁻ = 0.574; integration at the actual device loadings yielded q⁺ = 0.861 ± 0.015 C and q⁻ = 0.854 ± 0.015 C (q⁺/q⁻ = 1.008). The device operated over 0–1.6 V and delivered 97.9 ± 3.1 F g⁻¹ at 0.51 A g⁻¹, corresponding to 34.8 Wh kg⁻¹ at 408 W kg⁻¹ when normalized to the combined active mass of both electrodes. Three independently assembled devices retained 96.0 ± 0.7% of the initial capacitance and showed a coulombic efficiency of 98.8 ± 0.1% at the 10,000th cycle at 5.13 A g⁻¹. Device metrics are normalized to the combined active mass of both electrodes and exclude current collectors, separator, electrolyte, and packaging.

Ce-modified MnCo₂O₄ flower-like nanosheet electrodes were prepared on nickel foam by a hydrothermal-calcination route and sequentially optimized with respect to reaction time, nominal Ce content, and PVP addition. Comparative SEM, XRD, XPS, and N₂-sorption analyses identify MnCo₂O₄-9 h-3%Ce-PVP as the optimized electrode, with an open hierarchical nanosheet network and a BET surface area of 210.0 m² g⁻¹. The direct XRD/XPS control comparison distinguishes Ce-associated lattice and surface-state changes from PVP-associated synthesis effects without treating either trend as proof of substitutional Ce occupancy or quantitatively established oxygen vacancies. Likewise, PVP is treated as a morphology-directing additive whose transient adsorption or bridging role remains a synthesis hypothesis rather than a directly verified molecular mechanism. The optimized positive electrode delivers 2008 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, retains 1227 F g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹, and shows 99.0% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. A carbon-supported iron oxide negative electrode, designated C/Fe₂O₃ only as a sample label because its exact oxide phase was not independently resolved by XRD or Raman spectroscopy, provides 443 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. The resulting charge-balanced asymmetric device operates over 0–1.6 V and delivers 34.6 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, corresponding to 12.30 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.8 kW kg⁻¹. At 10 A g⁻¹, it retains 29.8 F g⁻¹ and delivers 10.60 Wh kg⁻¹ at 8.0 kW kg⁻¹, equivalent to 86.1% capacitance retention over a tenfold increase in current density. All device-level gravimetric values are calculated using the total active mass of both electrodes.

Coal is an abundant, low-cost precursor for hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries. However, its inherent ash exerts adverse effects on the structure and electrochemical performance of hard carbon and is universally treated as impurities. The fact that metal oxide or salt can act as a functional component to regulate microstructure of carbon skeleton. Here, the structural modulation effects of metal oxides (CaO, MgO, and Fe₂O₃) on coal-based hard carbon microstructure and their regulatory mechanisms are explored through controlled ash-addition simulation strategy. Fe2O3 acts as an efficient structure modifier, promoting the formation of expanded graphitic domains (interlayer spacing ~0.38 nm), abundant closed nanopores (~1.1 nm), and a stable C=O-functionalized carbon surface. This architecture boosts sodium storage capacity by approximately 1.2‑fold compared to ash‑free hard carbon, while also enhancing rate capability and cycling stability. In contrast, CaO and MgO induce local over‑graphitization, severely contract the interlayer spacing (~0.34 nm), and create open pores with heavily oxidized surfaces, all of which deteriorate sodium storage performance. This work reveals the functional roles of ash, laying a foundation for the sustainable preparation of high-performance coal-derived hard carbon anodes for SIBs.

The pervasive presence of antibiotic contaminants in water bodies poses a significant challenge to environmental safety, while catalytic membranes still face difficulties in simultaneously achieving high permeability and efficient pollutant degradation. Herein, we report a FeCoCu-layered double oxide (FeCoCu-LDO)/SiC catalytic ceramic membrane for high-efficient antibiotics removal through mesoporous nanoconfinement-enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were first employed to identify Cu as the preferred third metal for coupling with FeCo bimetallic sites, providing a rational basis for multimetallic catalyst design beyond trial-and-error approaches. Guided by this prediction, a trimetallic FeCoCu-LDO catalytic layer was rationally constructed on a porous SiC membrane. The resulting hierarchical porous structure endows the membrane with excellent structural stability and a high water permeability of 557 LMH·bar⁻¹, while the nanoconfined porous channels within the LDO layer promote local reactant enrichment and interfacial electron transfer. As a result, the FeCoCu-LDO/SiC membrane achieved 100% degradation of ciprofloxacin within an ultrashort hydraulic retention time of 0.065 s. The membrane further exhibited robust catalytic performance over a wide pH range of 3.0–9.0, in the presence of coexisting substances, and in authentic lake water, together with stable reusability and minimal metal leaching. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the degradation process was dominated by a singlet oxygen-mediated non-radical pathway, driven by synergistic Fe/Co/Cu redox cycling, with oxygen vacancies serving as electron bridges. This work provides a scalable strategy for designing high-performance catalytic ceramic membranes by integrating multimetallic electronic regulation with nanoconfinement-enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation for advanced water remediation.

Tin disulfide (SnS2) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and severe volume variation during cycling. Herein, the SnS2 particles with (001) planes were in situ anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNT) network by a facile and scalable ball-milling strategy. A well-integrated conductive architecture was constructed by CNT, which enhances electron transport efficiency, buffers structural strain, and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface. Meanwhile, the anchored SnS2 particles enable rapid Na+ transport through their enlarged interlayer spacing. Benefiting from this synergistic structural and kinetic regulation, the optimized SnS2/CNT2 electrode delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 89% and a remarkable reversible capacity of 715 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1. Notably, a substantial capacity of 311 mAh g-1 is retained after 500 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g-1. This work demonstrates an effective carbon-engineering strategy that simultaneously regulates electron transport, structural integrity, and interfacial stability, providing valuable insights into the design of high-performance transition metal sulfide-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

This review connects diluent descriptors with solvation, transport and interfacial evidence, emphasizing condition-matched comparisons and the limits of simulation-to-experiment transfer in LHCE design.

Hard carbon materials have emerged as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their abundant resources, low cost, and tunable pore structures. However, the relationship between preparation conditions, material structure, and electrochemical performance remains unclear. In this study, coal-based hard carbon was synthesized via a one-step carbonization method. By characterizing the structure of hard carbons derived from different carbonization temperatures and analyzing their electrochemical performance, we have established the correlation between carbonization temperature, graphite microcrystal structure, and sodium storage behavior. The as-prepared sample at a carbonization temperature of 900 °C showed abundant graphite microcrystals with a layer spacing of 0.383 nm, and CO surface functional groups. It showed a high reversible capacity of 277.7 mA h g⁻¹, a long plateau discharge capacity of 111.76 mA h g⁻¹, and an excellent rate capacity retention of 76% at 1 A g⁻¹. This work offers guidance for the production of coal-based hard carbon materials, and provides the possibility of high energy density SIBs.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the peer-review process related to the publication of this article

Computing in memory (CIM) breaks the conventional von Neumann bottleneck through in situ processing. Monolithic integration of digital and analog CIM hardware, ensuring both high precision and energy efficiency, provides a sustainable paradigm for increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) applications but remains challenging. Here, we propose a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor–compatible ferroelectric hybrid CIM platform that consists of Boolean logic and triggers for digital processing and multistage cell arrays for analog computation. The basic ferroelectric-gated units are assembled with solution-processable two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide atomic-thin channels at a wafer-scale yield of 96.36%, delivering high on/off ratios (>10 ⁷ ), high endurance (>10 ¹² ), long retention time (>10 years), and ultralow cycle-to-cycle/device-to-device variations (~0.3%/~0.5%). Last, we customize a highly compact 2D hybrid CIM system for dynamic tracking, achieving a high accuracy of 99.8% and a 263-fold improvement in power efficiency compared to graphics processing units. These results demonstrate the potential of 2D fully ferroelectric-gated hybrid hardware for developing versatile CIM blocks for AI tasks.