Nazar Podolchak

Ukraine’s renewable electricity transition combines decarbonisation with wartime resilience and post-war reconstruction. This study examines the relationship between installed renewable capacity and realised electricity generation using a structured institutional diagnostic; a same-year 2023 benchmark with Poland, Romania, and Slovakia; the capacity-realisation index (CRI); the capacity-deficit ratio (CDR); and the exploratory k-means clustering of 42 European electricity systems. The clustering model uses four non-overlapping 2023 capacity variables—renewable hydropower, onshore wind, solar PV, and bioenergy—while treating pure pumped storage separately as a flexibility characteristic. Renewables accounted for 24.8% of Ukraine’s installed electricity capacity and 18% of generation in 2023, yielding a CRI of 0.73, compared with 0.59 in Poland, 0.76 in Romania, and 0.68 in Slovakia. Ukraine therefore does not exhibit uniquely weak capacity–generation alignment within the selected benchmark. Nevertheless, the summer 2024 CDR of 19.2% and Energy Community scores of 72% for decarbonisation, 56% for markets, and 26% for energy security document substantial system stress. In the exploratory k = 3 solution (silhouette = 0.645), Ukraine belongs to a 33-case cluster and lies 0.563 standardised units from its centroid. The combined evidence is consistent with, but does not prove, constraints related to settlement discipline, grid evacuation, balancing, project bankability, and wartime security. Policy priorities include audited arrears resolution, financeable auctions and PPAs, curtailment and war-risk provisions, targeted grid reinforcement, competitive flexibility procurement, and solar-plus-storage systems for critical facilities.

We present an quadratic model of mechanism for assessing the consequences of the Covid-19 impact on the soft skills of the human resources potential in Ukraine. The model calculates the outcomes and underscores the importance of dedicating resources to the updating of soft skills taking into account remote work, the process of nowadays-digital transformation, and shifting job requirements during Covid times. Specific indicators related to the influence of employees’ soft skills during the Covid-19 pandemic were determinated, and numerical 24 indicators where related to employees’ soft skills. The calculation of the integral indicator is based survey of 100 respondents of employees of 10 enterprises. Analytical procedures are used through technical means of information by support of Microsoft Excel, namely, quadratic correlation and regression analysis, followed by the formation of a polynomial trend line of the fourth degree. The analysis outcomes affirm the emergence of two potential scenarios that have become feasible amidst the pandemic. Imposed by various constraints, employees have been compelled to adapt and enhance their competencies and other proficiencies in remote communication, in order to make informed decisions pertaining to enterprise management and economic activities.

The functioning of the global trade system and customs policy in modern conditions becomes an effective mechanism for promoting the development of national economies and trade and economic relations. The customs and trade policy of Ukraine does not fully correspond to the modern conditions of the globalization of the economy. The political choice of the European integration direction of economic development and the prospects of membership in the EU contribute to the development of the customs policy of Ukraine in the appropriate direction, which involves the adaptation of the national legislation not only to the EU legislation of this country. Union, but also international norms and standards. When developing customs policy in Ukraine, due attention should be paid not only to the functional component, which should be based on the recommendations of the World Customs Organization and the best experience of European customs administrations, but also to the formation of an effective organizational structure. that can ensure good governance.

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The article defines “public administration” as a set of principles, methods, forms, and means of impact on the activity of a region and a country as a whole. The operation of the mechanisms of interaction between public administration entities in cross-border cooperation is recommended to be categorized by interaction entities in the public domain, which, in turn, are divided by the number of entities, their composition, role, and participation. The article provides the classification of the mechanisms of interaction between public administration entities in the framework of cross-border cooperation: by the coverage with a legal framework that secures interaction, by the coverage with interaction, by the types of cooperation between interaction entities in a border region where a regional authority is the main entity, by the types of cooperation between interaction entities in cross-border region or space where a regional authority is the main entity, by interaction scope, by the results of interaction, by interaction intensity, by the levels of formalization and public administration, by initiative, by cooperation effect in a border region, and by the duration of cooperation. The mechanisms of interaction between public administration entities in a cross-border region or space are suggested to be divided by the features of interaction, coverage (based on the boundaries of cross-border space), activity sectors, the impact of other entities and institutions operating beyond the public domain, etc. The instruments of cross-border cooperation most frequently used by public administration entities at border areas of Ukraine are outlined, including international agreements, border cooperation agreements, Local Border Movement Agreements, Neighborhood Programs, joint cross-border development strategies, regional development strategies with priorities set on cross-border cooperation, regional cross-border cooperation development programs, new cross-border cooperation forms (Euroregions, clusters, industrial zones and parks, etc.), direct contacts – meetings, events, forums, etc. The article specifies the principles of public administration, including structural principles, principles of process, and principles of the final result.