Haijun He

Existing stab‐resistant garments still suffer from a pronounced trade‐off between protection and flexibility. Inspired by the mechanism of Cordylus cataphractus scales, this study designs a multilayer cavity heterogeneous fabric (SKF), which fully exploits the large deformation capability of knitted cavity structures. By further coupling SKF with an array of rigid blocks, a composite stab‐resistant fabric (PSKF) with both high protective performance and excellent flexibility is constructed. The effects of overlap ratio and block size on the stab resistance of PSKF were systematically investigated. Moreover, quasi‐static puncture tests at different puncture locations were conducted to elucidate the damage mechanisms during puncture, thereby clarifying the synergistic protective mechanism between the bionic cavity structures and the rigid blocks. Flexibility characterization revealed that PSKF exhibits pronounced anisotropic bending behavior, and the optimal combination of structural parameters for flexible stab‐resistant fabrics was determined using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. On this basis, a stab‐resistant vest with a protective area of 0.29 m ² , a double‐layer protective block coverage of 40.8%, and a total mass of 1.66 kg was fabricated, which satisfies the requirements of the police stab‐resistant garment standard while maintaining good wearing flexibility.

Janus fiber membranes enable directional liquid transport (DLT) for oil-water separation and moisture management, yet conventional pore-channel designs offer limited efficiency. Herein, we have developed a groundbreaking Janus nanofiber structure inspired by the structural characteristics of plant leaves, specifically the pore gradient and liquid transport channels within leaves. An innovative intermediate buffer layer composed of a three-dimensional helical nanofiber membrane was introduced to boost porosity and horizontal interconnectivity. A dopamine-controlled regulation mechanism synergistically optimized the pore structure and wettability of this layer. The resulting Janus membrane exhibits a remarkable unidirectional transport index (1250%), a high oil-water separation efficiency (98.92%), and an ultra-high flux (13860.77 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹). Its integration with textiles demonstrates superior moisture and thermal management, confirming its versatility for applications in oil-water separation, industrial wastewater treatment, and high-performance functional garments.

This research sought to explore the impact of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics of proteins derived from eggshell membranes through enzymatic extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to identify the ideal conditions for the extraction process. The optimal parameters determined were enzyme usage at 4.2%, pH level at 2.4, a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 g/mL, and an extraction time of 21.5 h. The eggshell membrane was pretreated by ultrasound before pepsin hydrolysis under optimized conditions. The findings indicated that the hydrolyzed products subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment exhibited enhanced solubility, surface hydrophobicity, water and oil retention, foaming characteristics, and emulsifying ability compared to the untreated hydrolyzed products. Furthermore, the piezoelectric properties of the protein with ultrasonic pretreatment were also significantly improved. Additionally, the protein-based piezoelectric device displayed excellent sensing performance and was successfully applied for human motion detection and precise identification of different pressure positions. These findings indicate that ultrasound has great potential to improve the physicochemical quality of eggshell membrane proteins, providing a theoretical basis and research approach for food protein modification and the preparation of green electronic devices.

Integrating conductive materials into elastomeric fibers as wearable and knittable sensors has recently attained extensive attention. However, the poor interfacial adhesion between them results in the formation of continuous and directional conductive pathways, leading to suboptimal electrical performance and mechanical robustness, thereby hindering their large-scale production. This study explored how dynamic interfacial cross-linking and chain entanglement could enhance thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite fibers, which incorporated continuous conductive nanochannels interwoven with a cross-linked polymeric framework. The TPU composite fibers were composed of gallic acid/hexamethylene diamine (GAHD), single-walled carbon nanotubes modified with 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid (SWCNT–DMPA), TPU, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These fibers, abbreviated as GCTMP–Ag composite fibers, were fabricated using a scalable wet-spinning technique. The oxyanion-enriched terminations of the conductive nanocomposites facilitated the enhancement of dynamic interfacial cross-linking interactions while promoting the formation of a chain-entangled structure within the fibers. The reasonable design of the conductive nanocomposites enabled the GCTMP–Ag composite fibers to exhibit superior electrical properties with a sensing performance (gauge factor = 4257.25), an extensive deformation range (1–800%), and mechanical robustness. Remarkably, they were successfully knitted on a knitting machine to monitor comprehensive human-body movements. More significantly, these fabricated knitted fabrics presented remarkable stability under various deformations, a rapid response (29 ms), exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding, and durability for over 1000 cycles (at 160% strain). This study presents a practical approach for prospective applications in wearable motion detection systems.

A fabric-based piezoelectric sensor with eggshell protein is constructed as a potential candidate for green and high-performance electronic devices.

Flexible, air permeable and elastic self-powered sensors for human motion monitoring and assisted medical rehabilitation have recently become a hot research topic. However, most current piezoelectric sensors can not account for many characteristics. Addressing this challenge, an all-textile piezoelectric sensor (ATPS) based on 3D structured knitted fabric electrodes is reported. The ATPS consists of a piezoelectric element polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane, flexible knitted fabric electrodes, and an elastic self-adhesive bandage. Based on the flexible and efficient knitting technology, the sensor has the advantages of low cost, flexibility, simple structure, and convenient large-area manufacturing. Experimental and finite element simulation results show that the knitting pattern of fabric electrodes can enhance the piezoelectric output of ATPS. The optimal ATPS has a high voltage response sensitivity of up to 0.68 V/kPa. The proposed ATPS responds to a wide range of input forces from 0.098 to 724 N in self-powered mode, verifying its feasibility as a tactile sensor for human motion detection and recognition (throat swallowing, wrist bending, elbow bending, knee bending, walking slowly, running fast) and as a pressure sensor (Morse code, digit recognition) and demonstrating its potential for motion tracking, medical rehabilitation, and human-computer interaction.

With the advent of the intelligent age and people's higher pursuit of health, wearable sensors with functions of health monitoring and assisting physical rehabilitation are increasingly favored by consumers. Wherein, highly stretchable flexible sensors show promising potential, but the unstable conductivity under large strains remains a great challenge to develop flexible wearable sensors with both a wide work range and strain insensitivity. Based on this, a MXene/CNTs/TPU flexible resistive sensor (MCT/FRS) with hierarchical structure inspired by the annual ring was proposed. Benefiting from the bioinspired structure with tightly warped inner layers and deformable spring structure outside, the MCT/FRSs enable stable sensing over a wide working range of up to 700% under the stretching mode, as well as superior durability (7500 cycles). It also possessed linear and adjustable piezoresistive properties under the compression mode. Finally, the sensor was not only successfully employed for monitoring various human movements but also was utilized to assist hand rehabilitation in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in both stretching and compression modes. This work provides promising and attractive solutions for flexible wearable devices and intelligent medical care.