Ignat Viktorovich Bogdan

The article addresses the problem of social management of medical personnel amid the digital transformation of healthcare and significant changes in the relationships among medical workers, patients, administrative structures, and digital systems. In response to current interdisciplinary shifts, an integrated model for managing medical personnel is proposed — one that accounts for macrosocial factors, mechanisms of social perception related to the profession, and aggregated indicators at the level of the workers’ subjective world. The methodological foundation is a systems approach, within which medical personnel are viewed as a social system shaped not only by linear macro-management influences but also by relevant public relations, images of the medical profession, the communication environment, the features of digital healthcare products etc. A three-level management model is substantiated, comprising the macro level of normative and organizational structures, the meso level of social perception, and the micro level of professional attitudes, loyalty, and motivation of personnel. It is shown that social perception serves a connecting function between macro-management decisions and actual professional practices. The article emphasizes the need to manage the images of medical personnel — including their reproduction in artificial intelligence — as well as to consider the psychological climate as a significant factor of loyalty. The proposed model makes it possible to increase the coherence of management goals, mechanisms, and interventions.

Background. The transition of the COVID-19 pandemic from the acute phase to adaptation was accompanied by changes in preventive behavior, institutional trust, emotional state and attitudes toward vaccination.Objective. To analyze the dynamics of awareness, preventive behavior, trust, emotional state and attitudes toward vaccination among Moscow residents in 2021 compared with 2020.Materials and methods. The survey tool was developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with support from the University of Erfurt and adapted to the Moscow context. CATI was conducted using a stratified dual-frame sample. The article analyzes the 4th and 5th survey waves: February 2021 (n = 1038) and July—August 2021 (n = 998).Results. By the 5th wave, adherence to most preventive measures decreased, especially social distancing, limiting contacts and using hand sanitizers. The proportion not wearing gloves increased sharply after the requirement was lifted. The mean self-assessment of emotional state decreased to 3.47 points; institutional assessments declined and vaccination attitudes became more polarized.Conclusions. Public health strategies should combine consistent scientific communication, targeted work with vaccine-hesitant groups and horizontal trust.

Introduction. The growing proportion of older adults increases interest in studying the quality of life, men­tal well-being, social well-being, and engagement patterns of the older generation in the urban environment. Comparative studies help to reveal the influence of institutional and socioeconomic conditions on the subjec­tive well-being of older people. Moscow and Minsk are comparable capitals in terms of historical development, yet they demonstrate different models of social policy and organization of support to older citizens. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of selected aspects of mental and social well-being, social activity, and attitudes towards the healthcare system among older residents of Moscow and Minsk, based on sociological survey data. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of telephone (CATI) and online survey results conducted in Moscow and Minsk (2022-2024). We made comparisons by selecting the closest matching questions from each survey, taking into account sample composition and question wording. The analysis included indicators of life satisfaction, financial situation, self-rated health, social engagement, information sources and attitudes towards medical care. Results. Similarities in key characteristics of social well-being among older residents of the two capitals were identified: comparably low levels of life dissatis­faction, a similar structure of life struggles, and fairly high satisfaction with medical care. In both capitals, the level of engagement in silver volunteering (18-20%) is equally high in comparison to the international context, while involvement in formal sociopolitical structures is low. Conclusions. The observed differences may be considered as two emerging models: an adaptive model in Minsk, focusing on overcoming resource constraints and preserving inherited forms of activity, and a model of critical reflection in Moscow, empha­sizing service quality, higher digital inclusion, and extensive coverage of organized leisure programs.

Background . Today, social media analytics is a relevant and promising method in social research. Trends in using analytical results indicate that they are increasingly seen as a reflection of public consciousness. At the same time, research that explores social media analytics from the perspective of public consciousness lacks a theoretical basis. This article responds to this need. Objective . To provide a theoretical framework that identifies conceptual intersections and differences between social media analytics and traditional quantitative survey methods—which are better understood in terms of representing public consciousness— across six axes. Results . The following axes were determined using general logical methods and by literature review of healthcare studies: freedom of expression / formalization; immersion in digital infrastructure (sampling bias based on accessibility); motivation and depth of engagement (expertness); means of expression (number of modalities); time (temporal dynamics and retrospectivity); and the specific features of authors/ respondents. For the latter axis, an approach is provided based on the representation of people with specific socio-psychological profiles in samples and/or belonging to distinct information bubbles. Conclusion . A figure where survey correlates with social media data is presented. A number of framework’s principles are supported by arguments, and future research directions for its validation are outlined.

Healthcare workers play an important role in shaping commitment to vaccination. However, the factors influencing their readiness and ability to effectively perform the function of vaccination "promoters" remain insufficiently studied. This qualitative study, based on 6 online focus groups with doctors and nurses (N=36) in Russia, aims to identify these factors. Data analysis using the COM-B model allowed systematizing the identified factors into three domains - capability, motivation, and opportunity - and developing a complex of interventions for their strengthening. The consistency of some research results with international evidence supports relevance of the proposed recommendations for a wide range of countries, both during potential pandemics and in routine immunization practice.

The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire designed to assess the satisfaction of health workers with the infrastructure of the Moscow Department of Health. The article considers modern approaches to assessing this indicator. An overview of the key infrastructure components that affect the professional well-being of staff is provided, and the importance of a comprehensive analysis of infrastructure factors to improve employee loyalty and the quality of medical services provided is emphasized. The architecture of the authors questionnaire, adapted to the specifics of Moscow healthcare, is described, providing for an assessment of satisfaction in four infrastructure domains (comfort of stay, appearance of medical organizations, technical equipment, digitalization and artificial intelligence), as well as the use of CSI and eNPS metrics to assess staff loyalty.

The paper presents the abstracts of the speeches delivered at the VI International Forum “Sociology of Health,” which was held in 2024 and focused on health issues in the contemporary daily life. The forum discussed the transformations of the physical and social environment to modify human self-preservation behaviors, the evolution of the role of artificial intelligence in replacing humans in everyday tasks, trends in proper nutrition, mental healthcare, as well as some issues of vulnerable social groups, who often fail to engage in these transformations. A close examination of the forum discussions revealed that the use of applied social humanistic knowledge in health management is experiencing a growing demand, both within the Russian Federation and internationally. The strategy of creating an environment that promotes targeted health behaviors is emerging as a prominent alternative to direct social group influence. In the context of healthcare, the potential for digital agents to replace human actors such as doctors and patients for certain tasks is obvious. However, there is currently no evidence of a complete replacement of human labor. The problem of myths, misconceptions, and manipulations in the perception of healthy lifestyles remains relevant. Sociology may contribute to addressing these issues by providing a diagnostic framework and substantiating interventions. In addition to physical health, there is a growing interest in mental health. Finally, selected vulnerable groups, including the older generation and people with disabilities, are considered in the context of their adaptation to the new everyday life. Due to its interdisciplinarity and the consideration of the interests of different groups, the reviewed forum is of particular importance as a platform for communication between social humanistic researchers and healthcare managers on relevant issues.

Public perception of preventive procedures, including the regular medical check-up of school students, directly affects the adherence to compliance with the recommendations based on the investigations’ results and the desire to undergo preventive examinations on a regular basis. Objective. To determine the features of perception of the system of school students’ regular medical check-up in Moscow by direct participants of the procedure for identification of growth areas and drawing up of recommendations. Materials and methods. The work included a combination of research procedures. 1. Analysis of social media: analysis of uploaded messages on relevant topics using the Brand Analytics software product. 2. Representative telephone survey of parents: total sample size of 803 persons. 3. Online survey of school students from three age groups: 6—7 years, 12—14 years, 15—17 years (150 people in each group). Children aged 6—7 years were interviewed exclusively through parents. 4. Expert interview: carried out with 5 experts (3 — from healthcare; 2 — from education). 5. Literature review that considers the foreign experience of preventive examinations of children. Results. The vast majority of respondents are satisfied with the regular medical check-up («completely satisfied»/«rather satisfied»): parents — 75%, school students aged 12—14 years — 79%, school students aged 15—17 years — 88%. The most frequent associations with the «regular medical check-up» word among the population are formal, abstract and unemotional. Growth areas have been identified: 1) organizational problems — most commonly referred to the examination of too many children at once (parents — 22%, children aged 12—14 years — 50%, children aged 15—17 years — 47%); 2) problem of results implementation — 88% of parents and 80% of children do not see any changes in the organization of school process according to the results of examinations; 3) ethical issues — children have more frequently noted the discomfort from changing clothes in front of other children; 4) problems of education/healthcare institutional incoherence in organization of processes. Groups of children at risk for refusal of regular medical check-up have been described. Conclusion. The population think about the procedure of regular medical check-up of school students positively, but formally. The growth areas, work with which need to be done for improving system of preventive examinations, have been revealed.

Significance. The shortage of donor blood remains a global problem, relevant to Russia as well. Blood donation promotion requires studying the public attitude towards donation, in particular among young people, as the most promising group. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of donors, but the proportion of young people among them is still low. Purpose. To develop recommendations to increase the popularity of donation among young people aged 16-23, including a description of the intervention group (social portrait), the current effect of interventions and zones for interventions (attitudes towards donation and important factors influencing it). Material and methods. The all-Russian sociological research was conducted in July 2022 among young people aged 16-23. 1030 people were interviewed online. The sex and age distribution of the sample corresponds to the Rosstat data on the number of representatives of the target group. Results. The conducted research shows that the majority of young Russians have no experience in blood donation (80%). Among blood donors, the proportion of men who are receiving or have already received medical or pharmaceutical education, employed in private or public organizations is significantly higher. Also, the involvement in donation is associated with the experience in blood donation among close friends and acquaintances. Only 1% of the respondents absolutely correctly answered the questions about preparation for donation, which indicates a low level of knowledge among young people. About a third of the respondents (29%) note that they know how the blood donation process goes. A large number of the respondents are not familiar with the work of mobile blood donation centers and donor campaigns, and up to half of the respondents are not familiar with the existence and activities of NGOs in the field of blood donation. The attitude towards blood donation among young people is purely positive, while negative perception is associated with concerns for health and dissatisfaction with material incentives. The blood service was rated as 8.32 out of 10. Such a high rating is rather due to the positive image of donation in general. Major fears and myths associated with blood donation were identified as follows: the risk of contracting dangerous diseases, harmful effects of blood donation on donor's health, long recovery after blood donation, and painful blood donation procedure. Poor territorial accessibility of blood donation centers, as well as the need to undergo a significant number of preliminary examinations are the most common ideas about organizational problems of blood donation. Less than a third of the respondents say that there is not enough information about donation now, while young people prefer to be informed through online channels. As to slogans, the preference is given to simple, yet bombastic and heroic images, as well as simple and understandable slogans without abstraction and "poetry". Conclusion. The study offers recommendations for promoting donation among young people, aimed at bridging information gaps about various aspects of blood donation and debunking the myths and misconceptions identified. Scope of application. The results can be used to develop information policy on young people in order to retain and attract them to blood donation. Keywords: blood donation; youth; donor; survey; Blood Service

Significance. The present study addresses the problem of online literacy among Russians and residents of the metropolis in matters of health information related to the rapid development of digital medical services, as well as the importance of their use for making informed decisions on health issues. Purpose. To examine the features of online literacy among Russians and Muscovites in matters of health information. Material and methods. The study consisted of two stages: during the first stage, an All-Russian online survey was conducted on a sample of 870 Russians; during the second stage, a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) was conducted on a sample of 800 permanent residents of Moscow. Both study samples filled out the eHEALS online literacy scale. The sample of Muscovites also answered a number of questions about the degree of trust in information received from artificial intelligence, experience in using generative neural networks, etc. Results. The results show that Muscovites have a higher level of online health literacy compared to Russians, while Russians are more likely to use the Internet to make health decisions due to limited access to medical services in the regions. Trust in digital assistants, the use of generative neural networks, and satisfaction with medical services are higher among Muscovites with a high level of online literacy. Conclusion. Thus, the digital maturity of Muscovites is manifested in the ability to use digital health services at a higher level of autonomy, awareness and competence, which confirms their advanced status in mastering electronic medical instruments. Scope of application. A higher online literacy among Muscovites calls for rethinking the digital policy: increased access to technology should be accompanied by supporting regional users to prevent deeper digital inequality in the healthcare sector. Keywords: eHEALS; eHealth Literacy Scale; digital assistant; satisfaction with expertise of doctors; health information; medical information; informed patient; Muscovites.