Oleg V. Levchenko

Objective: to assess the main aspects of the mental component of quality of life in patients with post-traumatic midfacial defects and deformities. Material and methods. The study included 78 patients over 18 years of age with post-traumatic midfacial defects and deformities. All patients underwent an analysis of the injury mechanism and the nature of the injuries. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the mental component of quality of life. Results. Patients with midfacial PTD showed a significant decrease in the SF-36 mental component scores. The overall mental health score was 40.8±5.6 points, which was associated with anxiety about appearance and the consequences of the injury. Role functioning (33.4±7.1 points) and social activity (33.1±4.8 points) were the most significantly reduced, indicating significant limitations in daily and social life. Diplopia had the strongest negative impact on the mental component of patients’ health (r=-0.73), which contributed to a decrease in life activity (r=-0.76). Deformities of the zygomatic and infraorbital region also showed a strong negative association (r=-0.71) with mental health indicators, directly reducing social and life activity in more than half of the patients. Conclusion. Assessment of the mental component using the SF-36 scale revealed that patients with PTD and midface deformities had low mental health, role, and social functioning against a background of anxiety about appearance, which led to limitations in daily and social activities.

The aim of the study is to describe a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of epidural symptomatic pneumorrhachis at the lumbar spine level. Materials and methods. A patient with a clinical picture of radicular pain in her left leg was treated at the university clinic of the Russian University of Medicine. The source of pain was determined by MRI and CT scan – the presence of an air (gas) cavity causing compression of the left spinal root L5. Results. The patient underwent pulsed neuromodulation of the left L5 spinal root. After the operation, the patient noted a complete regression of radicular pain in her left leg. Conclusion. Symptomatic extradural pneumorrhachis is a rare cause of compression radiculopathy. Interventional treatment can be an effective option for relieving radicular pain.

Intensive fold and fault deformations of the sediments and basalt basement, high seismicity, and high heat flow indicate the tectonic activity of the Central Indian Basin within the Indo-Australian Plate. This distinguishes it from other deep-sea ocean basins that are tectonically passive morphostructures with a flat and smooth bottom located in the interior of lithospheric plates far from their tectonically active boundaries. The area of intraplate deformation of the Indian Ocean lithosphere in the Central Basin is formed by forces of high compression stress due to continental collision of India with Eurasia in the northern drift of the Indo-Australian plate. The tectonic structure of the intraplate deformation area is not created by regular long-wave undulations in the form of extended latitudinal ridges and depressions, but by individual isometric tectonic blocks, which manifest themselves as large hills in the seafloor relief of the Central Basin. The map we have compiled using new multibeam bathymetry data shows the mosaic-block relief of the intraplate deformation area in the Central Basin. The observed structural pattern suggests a genetic relationship between tectonic blocks deformed in the Miocene and primary inhomogeneities of the spreading oceanic crust.

Background: Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) are a group of benign brain tumors that represent a common cause of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, particularly in children and young adults. Despite their slow growth and low oncogenic potential, they confer significant epileptogenicity, leading to a substantial clinical burden. Objective. This literature review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of epilepsy associated with LEATs, with a focus on optimizing surgical strategies to achieve seizure freedom. Methods. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the histopathology, molecular profiling, neuroimaging characteristics, and surgical outcomes of LEATs. Results. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment, achieving seizure freedom in 75–90 % of patients. Outcomes are positively influenced by complete tumor resection and shorter epilepsy duration. However, a consensus on the optimal surgical strategy, especially for temporal lobe tumors, is lacking. The debate centers on the extent of resection and the utility of intraoperative electrocorticography to guide the removal of the epileptogenic zone beyond the visible tumor.

The structure of the upper, middle, and lower deep-sea sedimentary Bengal Fan and the architecture of turbidite channels in the Bay of Bengal have been well studied now. The extent of turbidites within the active channel of the western Bengal Fan was limited approximatly to the equator. New multibeam and high-resolution seismic reflection data have made it possible to characterize in detail the turbidite channel far to the south in the Central Indian Basin in the distal Bengal Fan near ~4° south. Different morphology and structure of the channel are probably explained by fluctuations in turbidite flow, changes in its velocity, energy, and possibly direction, size and concentration of suspended sedimentary particles, and changes in a slope gradient of a channel- levee as well as tectonic factors.

The first results of surgical treatment of patients with hypertensive putaminal hematomas using puncture aspiration and local fibrinolysis with Russian medication Fortelyzin are presented. Efficacy of this mediation is demonstrated. In patients with intracerebral hematomas of volume between 40 and 55 cm³, 87.5 to 100 % of hematoma volume were evacuated in 36-72 h. Further studies for determination of optimal dose and fibrinolysis scheme are necessary.

The aim of the study is to describe a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of epidural drainage lipomatosis at the lumbar spine level. Materials and methods. A patient with a clinical picture of radicular pain in his left leg was being treated at the university clinic of the Russian University of Medicine. The source of pain was determined by MRI — hypertrophied epidural adipose tissue, causing compression of the left spinal root S1. Results. The patient underwent surgical treatment through a posterior L5‑S1 interlaminotomy on the left, hypertrophied epidural fat was removed, and compression of the left spinal root S1 was eliminated. After the operation, the patient noted a complete regression of radicular pain in his left leg. Conclusion. Epidural lipomatosis is a rare cause of compression radiculopathy. In this case, surgical removal of hypertrophied epidural fat makes it possible to effectively relieve radicular symptoms.

Aim. To describe a clinical case of surgical treatment of dysphagia caused by ventral osteophyte of the first two cervical vertebrae.Material and methods. At the Russian University of Medicine (Moscow, Russia) clinical medical center, a female patient underwent surgical treatment due to complaints of difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and periodic respiratory difficulty, and symptomatic ventral osteophytes of the first to cervical vertebrae. Considering the location of the osteophyte, it was resected through transoral access.Results. For 2 weeks after surgery, the patient received nutrition through nasogastric tube. After transitioning to normal eating, the patient noted regression of dysphagia compared to the preoperative level.Conclusion. Ventral osteophyte of the cervical spine compressing the esophagus and pharynx is one of the rare causes of dysphagia. If osteophyte is located at the atlantoaxial level, transoral access allows to fully resect it and cure the patient’s dysphagia.

Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic diseases of bone tissue, associated with an increased risk of pathological fractures, including compression fracture of the vertebral body (CFV). The article reviews current data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of CFV in patients with osteoporosis. The possibility of using vertebroplasty to treat patients with CFV is analyzed in detail. The authors’ experience in performing vertebroplasty in patients with CFV is described.