Shekh Md. Mamun Kabir

In the global textile industry, cotton remains one of the most widely used natural fibres due to its comfort, versatility, and compatibility with diverse coloration techniques. Textile coloration i...

Blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with spandex are widely used in sportswear and outdoor apparel. However, dyeing PET/spandex fabrics remains challenging due to the high energy required at elevated dyeing temperatures and persistent problems with poor color fastness caused by dye staining on the spandex component. In this study, we investigated the dyeing behavior of a chemically modified poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-polyethylene glycol) (PCP) blended with spandex and compared it with conventional PET/spandex blends. The PCP/spandex fabrics exhibited significantly improved dyeability, showing higher dyebath exhaustion and greater color strength than PET/spandex blends, particularly at sub-conventional dyeing temperatures. The optimal dyeing condition for PCP/spandex blends was identified as 110 °C for 60 min, which provided a balance between enhanced dye uptake and minimized spandex staining. Moreover, PCP/spandex fabrics demonstrated improved color fastness at lower dyeing temperatures (110–120 °C), primarily due to the reduced staining tendency of the spandex component when blended with PCP fibers. This reduction in spandex staining minimized dye migration during washing. Overall, these findings suggest that PCP/spandex blends offer a promising, energy-efficient alternative to conventional PET/spandex fabrics. They enable effective dyeing at lower temperatures while achieving improved color fastness, thereby addressing key challenges in the dyeing of elastic fiber blends.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose‐graft‐polyacrylamide (HEC‐g‐PAM) copolymers as a novel thickener for textile printing applications. The chemical structure of the copolymers was confirmed through FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of successful PAM grafting onto the HEC backbone. DSC analysis showed that HEC‐g‐PAM had a melting temperature between that of HEC and PAM, indicating improved thermal resistance due to the grafting process. The increased melting temperature suggests partial crystallinity retention and stronger intermolecular interactions. TGA analysis further confirmed enhanced thermal stability, with HEC‐g‐PAM exhibiting a higher onset decomposition temperature and intermediate residual weight compared to HEC and PAM. The HEC‐g‐PAM copolymer was evaluated as a thickener in reactive printing on viscose rayon fabrics and compared to conventional sodium alginate thickeners. Key factors such as HEC‐g‐PAM content, additives, and curing conditions were optimized to enhance viscosity, color strength, sharpness, and fastness, resulting in improved printing performance, bending length, and cost‐effectiveness compared to sodium alginate. With its enhanced thermal stability and printing properties, HEC‐g‐PAM demonstrates strong potential as an advanced thickener for viscose rayon fabric applications.

The mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and butanol (BuOH) with the intercalation compound of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) has been evaluated as a latent thermal catalyst at varying temperatures. α-ZrP·DABCO did not show activity at 25 °C, but showed a high level of activity at a higher temperature of 80 °C. To clarify the reaction behavior of HDI-BuOH with α-ZrP·DABCO, a viscosity value of 1200 mPa·s·g/cm² was reached at 80 °C for 30 min. To investigate the deintercalation behavior of DABCO from the α-ZrP interlayer, it was investigated in BuOH and in HDI, respectively, under heated conditions. Interestingly, XRD patterns showed a reduction in α-ZrP·DABCO for the interlayer distance due to the deintercalation of DABCO in BuOH, while no changes associated with the deintercalation of DABCO were observed in HDI. Butanol was found to be important for the deintercalation of DABCO. To examine the reactivity of bifunctional monomers, the reaction of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) and HDI with α-ZrP·DABCO were investigated to show good reactivity at 80 °C and stability at 40 °C.

Viscose-Cotton (50/50) blended fabric has different dye-uptake properties caused by uneven dyeing. To improve the levelness of dyeing on viscose-cotton blended fabric, air plasma was used through modification of surface structure. Air plasma was treated by air pressure 0.15 Tor with different plasma treatment times (2,4,6,8 and 10 min) maintained. In addition, FT-IR, XRD and SEM analysis confirmed the crystalline and amorphousness structure of different plasma treated blended fabric. The effectiveness of the air plasma treatment was assessed based on the exhaustion (%) and levelness (%). Air plasma treated viscose-cotton blended fabric was measured by instrumental method and image J analysis. Air plasma treatment afforded superior dyeing levelness compared to untreated viscose-cotton blended fabric. Moreover, air plasma treatment is a sustainable process in terms of levelness properties on viscose-cotton blended fabric.

This study optimized the salt free reactive dyeing process using the Taguchi approach. Dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes is popular because of its bright and brilliant color in various shade ranges. Cationization with ALBAFIX-WFF and the dyeing process on cotton fabric was carried out using the exhaust method. To determine the optimum process conditions, two types of multiple characteristic parameters, including the single characteristic value conversion method and the process maximization method, were used on the basis of color strength (K/S) and wash fastness. The single characteristic value conversion method confirmed that the optimum process condition was a cationization temperature of 40 °C and a dyeing pH of 11. Most importantly, the optimal conditions were confirmed by the process maximization method as a concentration of ALBAFIX-WFF 30 g/L, cationization temperature at 80 °C, dyeing pH 12, and material-to-liquor ratio (M:L) of 1:5. More suitable dyeing properties are also achieved by the process maximization method.