Farouq Heidar Barido

Background and Aim: Genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with metabolic regulation and reproductive physiology are increasingly used to support marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle. Among these, leptin (LEP) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes have been linked to milk production and fertility traits in several bovine populations. However, information regarding the association of these polymorphisms with productive and reproductive performance in Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the association of LEP (g.820 C>T and g.1127 A>T) and IGF-1 (c.309 G>T and c.335 A>T) polymorphisms with milk production and reproductive traits in Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle. Materials and Methods: A total of 710 Friesian Holstein cows maintained at a commercial dairy farm in West Java, Indonesia, were used in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. Genotype and allele frequencies, polymorphic information content, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were determined for each single nucleotide polymorphism. Associations between genotypes and productive traits, including days in milk, 305-day milk yield, total yield, average yield, and peak yield, as well as reproductive traits including calving interval, days open, first insemination postpartum, service per conception, and conception rate, were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Results: The LEP g.820 C>T polymorphism exhibited moderate polymorphism and significant associations with days in milk, calving interval, first insemination postpartum, days open, and conception rate (p < 0.05). Cows carrying the CC genotype showed superior reproductive performance and higher conception rates compared with TT genotype carriers. Conversely, LEP g.1127 A>T showed limited polymorphism and no significant association with productive or reproductive traits (p > 0.05). The IGF-1 c.309 G>T locus was monomorphic, whereas c.335 A>T was polymorphic but showed no significant associations with milk production or reproductive parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The LEP g.820 C>T polymorphism demonstrated significant associations with economically important productive and reproductive traits and may serve as a valuable molecular marker for marker-assisted selection in Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle. In contrast, the evaluated IGF-1 polymorphisms showed limited utility for genetic selection in this population. Keywords: dairy cattle genetics, fertility traits, Friesian Holstein cattle, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin gene, marker-assisted selection, milk production, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purified Lactobacillus brevis metabolite (LBMs) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in Chikso cattle subjected to heat stress.Methods: Twenty-seven Chikso steers with an average initial body weight of 499±15 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: a basal diet control (CG), and basal diets supplemented with either 150 mg/kg (LGS) or 300 mg/kg (HGS) of purified LBMs. The feeding trial lasted for 120 days under summer heat stress conditions.Results: Both LBMs-supplemented groups exhibited significant improvements in average daily gain, with 0.89 g/d (LGS) and 0.81 g/d (HGS) compared to 0.52 g/d in controls (p<0.05). Total weight gain increased by 71% and 56% in LGS and HGS groups, respectively. Meat protein content was significantly higher in LGS (18.97%) and HGS (18.37%) than in CG (17.23%) (p<0.05). Supplementation enhanced water holding capacity and reduced cooking loss to 26.13% from 31.09% in controls (p<0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated in the treatment groups throughout cold storage (p<0.05), with lipid oxidation significantly inhibited from day 3 onward (p<0.05). LBMs also increased oxymyoglobin percentages, indicative of improved meat freshness, and favorably altered fatty acid profiles by decreasing saturated fatty acids and increasing eicosapentaenoic acid levels. Carcass characteristics, however, remained unaffected.Conclusion: Rumen-protected LBMs supplementation effectively enhances growth performance and meat quality in heat-stressed Chikso steers. These benefits likely arise from improved antioxidant capacity, reduced oxidative stress, and modulation of fatty acid composition. This strategy holds promises for improving livestock resilience to climate challenges and warrants further research.

Food Science of Animal Resources (Food Sci. Anim. Resour.) is an international, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal publishing original research and reviews on basic and applied aspects of the use of animal resources including the meat, egg, dairy, and edible insect/worm products. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.

Background and Aim: Optimizing feed strategies is critical in livestock production to enhance animal performance, nutrient utilization, and meat quality. Feed form, such as pelleted, mash, or blended forms, significantly influences these parameters. Investigating the optimal feed form for fat-tailed sheep production can improve economic outcomes and meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary feed forms – pelleted (P10), mash (M10), and a blended form consisting of 50% pellet and 50% mash (M5P5) – on nutrient digestibility, animal performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes in fat-tailed sheep. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fat-tailed lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental groups receiving either 100% mash feed (M10), a 50:50 mixture of mash and pelleted feed (M5P5), or 100% pelleted feed (P10) for a 90-day feeding trial. Feed intake parameters (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract) were recorded. Nutrient digestibility was assessed, and production performance measures, including body weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feeding cost per gain were determined. Post-slaughter carcass traits, proximate meat composition, cholesterol content, pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, and shear force values were evaluated. Results: Dietary feed forms had no significant impact (p > 0.05) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ADG, or FER. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) emerged in carcass traits, notably with increased hot carcass weights observed in M5P5 (19.57 kg) and P10 (19.40 kg) compared to M10 (17.10 kg). Feed form significantly influenced meat-to-bone ratio, with M5P5 and P10 groups exhibiting superior ratios relative to the mash-fed group. Meat quality analysis indicated significant variations (p < 0.05) in WHC and cooking loss; the M5P5 group demonstrated enhanced WHC (63.2%) and reduced cooking loss (18.4%) compared to other treatments. Proximate composition, cholesterol content, pH, and shear force were unaffected by feed form (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The blended mash-pellet diet (M5P5) effectively enhanced specific meat quality parameters, notably WHC and cooking loss, without compromising growth performance or nutrient utilization efficiency. These findings indicate potential for the strategic use of blended feeds in fat-tailed sheep production to optimize meat quality attributes, although further studies examining long-term economic and metabolic impacts are recommended. Keywords: carcass characteristics, fat-tailed sheep, feed form, meat quality, nutrient digestibility.

This study evaluated the efficacy of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) extract on the functional and physicochemical properties of low-grade beef patties after different final internal temperature cooking was carried out. Four ranges of concentration (1–4%) were compared to a negative control (without M. oleifera addition), wherein all treatments were cooked until reaching medium (71 °C) and well-done (80 °C) temperatures. The results showed that incorporating M. oleifera extract at 3% significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in medium-cooked patties compared to the control (p < 0.05), enhancing antioxidant capacity. A reduction in MDA in well-done patties was also shown up to this additional level. However, higher concentrations (4%) adversely affected water holding capacity, cooking yield, and proximate compositions. Further, the pH value also declined with increased M. oleifera extract. Therefore, this study revealed that cooking patties to well-done resulted in greater lipid oxidation and cooking loss. Further, this study recommends using 3% M. oleifera extract in medium-cooked beef patties to maximize the antioxidant benefits while maintaining quality.

Handayanta E, Barido FH, Samanhudi. 2024. The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2763-2768. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a unique cereal crop characterized by its regenerative capacity post-harvest, with varieties including Super, Suri, Numbu, and Keller. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of varying fertilizer levels on the forage productivity of these sorghum varieties. The experiment employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4×5 factorial arrangement and three replications. The first factor comprised the sorghum varieties (V1 = Super, V2 = Suri, V3 = Numbu, V4 = Keller), while the second factor pertained to the levels of NPK fertilizer (P0 = 0 kg/ha, P1 = 173 kg/ha, P2 = 346 kg/ha, P3 = 519 kg/ha, P4 = 692 kg/ha). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study concluded that while there was no interaction between the sorghum variety and NPK fertilization levels, the sorghum variety significantly influenced (P0.05). The NPK fertilization levels significantly affected (P<0.05) the production of dry matter, protein, fat, and crude fiber. The study deduced that a 692 kg/ha fertilization dose yielded the highest dry matter, protein content, crude fat, and crude fiber production.

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fresh and dried hydrolyzed Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom with proteolytic enzymes; bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of bromelain: flavorzyme (CMBF) on quality properties of spent hen chicken.Methods: Mushroom extract (CME) were combined with three proteolytic enzyme mixtures that had different peptidase activities; stem bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of stem bromelain:flavorzyme (CMBF) at (1:1). The effect of these hydrolysates was investigated on spent hen breast meat via dipping marination.Results: Hydrolyzation positively alters functional properties of CM protease. in which bromelain hydrolyzed group (CMB) displayed the highest proteolytic activity at 4.57 unit/mL. The antioxidant activity had a significant increment from 5.32% in CME to 61.79% in CMB. A significantly higher emulsion stability index and emulsification activity index compared to CME were another result from hydrolyzation (p<0.05). Texture properties along with the shear force value and myofibrillar fragmentation index were notably improved under CMB and CMBF in fresh condition. Marination with CM mushroom protease that was previously hydrolyzed with enzymes was proven to also increase the nucleotide compounds, indicated by higher adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) in hydrolysate groups (p<0.05). The concentration of both total and insoluble collagen remained unchanged, meaning less effect from CM protease.Conclusion: This study suggested the hydrolyzation of CM protease with bromelain or a mixture of bromelain:flavourzyme to significantly improve functional properties of protease and escalate the taste-related nucleotide compounds and texture profiles from spent hen breast meat.

Objective: This study determined the effects of dietary treatments and castration on meat quality, fatty acids (FAs) profiles, and volatile compounds in Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae), including the relationship between the population of rumen microbiomes and meat FA profiles.Methods: Twenty-four KNBG (48.6±1.4 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments arranged into a 2×2 factorial structure. The factors were dietary forage to concentrate ratio (high forage [HF, 80:20] and low forage [LF, 20:80]), and a castration treatment (castration [CA] vs non-castration [NCA]).Results: Among meat quality traits, the CA group exhibited a higher percentage of crude fat and water holding capacity (p<0.05). The profiles of the saturated fatty acid (SFA) in meat sample derived from CA KNBG showed a significantly lower percentage compared to NCA individuals, due to the lower proportion of C14:0 and C18:0. Feeding a high-forage diet to KNBG increased the formation of C18:1n7, C18:3n3, C20:1n9, C22:4n6 in meat, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles (p<0.05). Consequently, the n6:n3 ratio declined (p<0.05). There was an interaction between dietary treatment and castration for formation of C20:5n3 (p<0.05), while C18:1n9, C22:6n3, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and the MUFA:SFA ratio were influenced by both diet and castration (p<0.05). Nine volatile compounds were identified and were strongly influenced by both dietary treatments, castration (p<0.05), and their interaction. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinctly different odor patterns in the NCA goats fed LF diets. Spearman correlation analysis showed a high correlation between rumen bacteria and meat PUFAs.Conclusion: These results suggest the essential effects of the rumen microbial population for the synthesis of meat FAs and volatile compounds in KNBG meat, where dietary intake and castration also contribute substantially.

Food Science of Animal Resources (Food Sci. Anim. Resour.) is an international, peer-reviewed bimonthly journal publishing original research and reviews on basic and applied aspects of the use of animal resources including the meat, egg, dairy, and edible insect/worm products. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.