Cristina María Díaz-Perdigones

Aims: Obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension. The evidence on the effects of dietetic interventions to weight loss in blood pressure is scarce. Our main objective was to assess changes in blood pressure through 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in different hypocaloric diets differing in their theoretical ketogenic potential. Methods and results: In this single-centre, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (NCT04453150), participants with obesity (body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of five dietetic interventions: early time-restricted eating (eTRE), evening time-restricted eating (lTRE), modified alternate-day fasting (mADF), ketogenic diet (KD), and a control group following a standard Mediterranean diet (CG). In this sub-analysis, a total of 96 participants were included and underwent 24-h ABPM before and after the intervention. All groups showed statistically significant changes in anthropometric parameters. Regarding ABPM, mADF showed greater changes with improvements in most of the ABPM parameters after the intervention. Also, lTRE showed some improvements after the intervention while the rest of the groups did not show any statistically significant change. In the linear mixed model, the mADF diet appeared to have an influence on the improvement in 24-h systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Diets with different ketogenic potential aimed to weight loss have different effectiveness in reducing blood pressure. Modified alternate-day fasting was the best approach regardless of changes in body composition or ketone production.

The consumption of low-alcohol fermented beverages has been related to cardiovascular health improvements. Although the underlying mechanism is not completely understood, (poly)phenols have been proposed as one of the mediators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a controlled intervention with beer on (poly)phenols metabolism in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). 20 participants (MetS and control) who consumed a standardized amount of beer during 6 weeks were recruited. Phenolic compounds were assessed in urine. Different changes in phenolic compounds associated with chronic beer consumption were found, particularly related to hesperetin conjugates and to the degradation of phenolic compounds derived from flavonoids and lignans. Noteworthily, MetS and control participants differed in baseline urine phenolic compound profiles and in their metabolization. Significant differences were found in the production and excretion of key (poly)phenols-derived metabolites, such as increased naringenin phase II conjugates in healthy subjects, or increased bacterial flavonoid catabolites. Certain relationships were observed between the phenolic compounds with metabolic and anthropometric variables. These findings suggest that beer-derived (poly)phenols are differentially metabolized according to metabolic-health status, and that they may contribute to certain metabolic health benefits through the modulation of specific metabolic pathways.

Introduction: A two-step approach is usually used to diagnose GDM. At 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, a 50 g 1-hour glucose or O’Sullivan test is performed. If it is positive (≥140 mg/dl), it is followed by a 100 g-3 hours-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) which is considered positive if at least two or more values are ≥ of reference values (105-190-165-145 mg/dl). Despite it is not include in any clinical practice guideline, sometimes the 100 g OGTT is obviated if O’Sullivan is ≥200 mg/dl. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of O’Sullivan≥200 for diagnosis of GDM. Material and methods: We analyzed data from 2774 patients presenting O’Sullivan test positive, who were carried out the 100g-OGTT at Virgen de la Victoria Hospital from 2015 to 2017 in order to compare 100g-OGTT vs O’Sullivan≥200 for diagnosis of GDM. In addition, we compared maternal and perinatal characteristics of 3 groups of patients: O’Sullivanp value Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) 26±5.3 26.7±5.5 27.1±5.6 0.624 Age (years) 30.8±5.6 34.1±4.5 33.3±5.5 0.020 Weight increase during pregnancy (kg) 7.9±5.1 11.2±6 9.1±5.9 0.310 Gestational age (weeks) 39.7±1.1 39.5±1.4 39.2±1.1 0.255 Newborn weight (gr) 3395.3±336.1 3442.9±516.3 3230.4±455.3 0.186 Type of childbirth (%) Eutocic 52.5 51.3 70 0.435 Instrumental 22.5 20.5 15 Cesarean 25 28.2 15 Conclusions: - If O’Sullivan ≥200 is considered as diagnosis of GDM, in order to avoid the 100g OGTT, 4.1 in every 10 pregnant women would be falsely diagnosed of GDM, causing unnecessary concern in patients and, probably, and an increase in GDM prevalence probably unacceptable by gestational diabetes units. - O’Sullivan ≥200 is not useful to identify pregnant women with a higher obstetric risk.