Daowei Li

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has demonstrated promising predictive capability in clinical studies, but its distribution characteristics across different age and sex groups in the Chinese population have not been fully characterized. Objective: This study aimed to describe the population-based distribution of the TyG index. Methods: A total of 4621 participants aged 20‐80 years from the China National Health Survey were included in this study. The TyG index was calculated from fasting blood glucose and triglycerides. The age- and sex-specific distribution values of the TyG index were obtained using the percentiles method. Results: Males had higher BMI (23.32, SD 2.63 vs 22.72, SD 2.60 kg/m ² ), triglyceride (133.78, SD 78.07 vs 111.58, SD 61.18 mg/dL), fasting glucose (97.05, SD 11.95 vs 94.34, SD 10.46 mg/dL), and TyG index values (8.63, SD 0.54 vs 8.45, SD 0.50) than females. The TyG index of males reached its peak value at approximately 40 years of age. The lower limit percentile values for females exceeded that of males around age 50. After the age of 60, the upper limit of the distribution values in females was higher than in males. Conclusions: This study characterized the age- and sex-specific distribution of the TyG index among Chinese adults aged 20‐80 years. The results of this study contribute to a more precise assessment of glucolipid metabolism.

Correction for ‘Osteopromotive carbon dots promote bone regeneration through the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway’ by Nianqiang Jin et al. , Biomater. Sci. , 2020, 8 , 2840–2852, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM00424C.

Chemotherapy‐induced nephrotoxicity, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI), is a severe complication that is driven by multiple regulated cell death (RCD) pathways. However, current nephroprotective strategies predominantly focus on apoptosis inhibition by relieving oxidative stress. PANoptosis is a newly discovered form of RCD pathway incorporating key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, providing a potential target for synergistic multi‐mechanistic nephroprotection. Herein, the enhanced sampling method is introduced for molecular dynamics based on trained machine learning force fields to guide the construction of bioactive carbonized polymer dots (Lu‐CDs) with specific pharmacophoric moieties of the flavonoid compound. Unlike conventional carbonized polymer dots with solely antioxidative activity, Lu‐CDs demonstrate both radical scavenging and PANoptosis‐inhibiting activities. In chemodrug‐induced AKI mice, a very low dose of Lu‐CDs can elicit prolonged renal accumulation and superior nephroprotective efficacy compared to the small‐molecule flavonoid compound and the antioxidative carbonized polymer dots. The findings of this study highlight a design strategy for bioactive nanodrugs based on the machine learning force fields for molecular dynamics and propose PANoptosis inhibition as a promising approach to mitigate chemodrug‐induced nephrotoxicity.

Objective: Large full-thickness skin wounds pose significant challenges, particularly in achieving scar-free healing and the regeneration of skin appendages. This study introduces a portable approach for promoting scarless healing and skin appendage regeneration by utilizing low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) activated piezoelectric electrospun membranes to modulate the local electrical environment. Methods: Dopamine-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (DA/PVDF) nanomembranes were fabricated via electrospinning, followed by piezoelectric characterization under varying LIPUS stimulation. Cell adhesion was examined using SEM and laser confocal microscopy to assess surface interactions. Cell proliferation and migration were further analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and Transwell migration assay, respectively. Finally, the effects of DA/PVDF membranes on full-thickness skin defect healing were tested in a mouse model. The healing process was documented with photographs, and functional skin regeneration was evaluated through histological analysis. Results: The DA/PVDF nanomembranes had an average diameter of 732 ± 232 nm and generated a voltage of 450 mV under LIPUS stimulation, a 1.28-fold increase compared to PVDF membranes alone. In vitro, LIPUS-activated membranes enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation, resulting in a 1.14-fold increase in cell growth over three days. The transwell migration assays showed 244.67 ± 7.85 migrated cells. In vivo, the DA/PVDF+LIPUS group exhibited significantly higher wound healing rates, with improved epidermal regeneration, collagen fiber deposition and remodeling, and enhanced blood vessel and skin appendage formation. Conclusion: DA modification enhances the piezoelectric properties of PVDF membranes, boosting cell adhesion and promoting dermal and vascular regeneration. LIPUS-generated mechanical waves effectively stimulate membrane deformation, producing a localized electrical microenvironment that mimics the natural bioelectric field of skin and accelerates functional wound healing.

Loss of periodontal tissue due to persistent inflammation in periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Overcoming osteogenic inhibition in the inflammatory periodontal environment and restoring the regenerative capacity of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain critical challenges in current treatment approaches. Macrophage‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key regulators of osteogenesis in recipient cells, yet the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in modifying macrophages and the function of their EVs in bone regeneration remain unclear. In this study, EVs from EPO‐stimulated macrophages (EPO‐EVs) are isolated, and they are encapsulated in a chitosan/β‐sodium glycerophosphate/gelatin (CS/β‐GP/gelatin) hydrogel to create a controlled‐release EVs delivery system for localized periodontal environment. EPO‐EVs restore the osteogenic function of mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) and mitigate inflammatory bone loss in a periodontitis mouse model. Mechanistically, miR‐5107‐5p, significantly enriched in EPO‐EVs, is delivered to mBMSCs, where it suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and alleviates EGFR's inhibitory effect on RhoA. This process counteracts osteogenic inhibition in inflammatory settings through the EGFR/RhoA axis. Overall, EVs from EPO pretreated macrophages restore the osteogenic capacity of mBMSCs under inflammation by inhibiting EGFR expression, providing new insight into therapeutic mechanisms and offering a promising approach for future periodontitis treatment.

The interrelationship between bone and fat can be described as a seesaw in bone homeostasis, in which both osteogenesis and adipogenesis occur in a delicate balance. Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common origin and play key roles in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Bone–fat balance indicates osteogenesis and adipogenesis keeps a balance for concordant distribution of trabecular bone and bone marrow adipose tissue in bone, thereby leading to the balance between bone metabolism and lipid metabolism. Bone–fat balance is crucial for metabolic health. When disrupted by various factors, this balance can lead to several bone-related metabolic diseases and systemic disorders, such as obesity, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Recent research highlights the role of autophagy dysfunction in these metabolic conditions. Restoring autophagic function can help restore metabolic homeostasis and re-establish the bone–fat balance. The current review explores the factors that regulate bone–fat balance, the consequences of imbalance under pathological conditions, and the potential of autophagy modulation as a therapeutic approach. Overall, it can be concluded that targeting autophagy presents a promising strategy for treating metabolic disorders and restoring bone–fat balance.