Yan Hong

1. With the booming development of electronic devices involving multifunctional integration and extreme environment adaptability, there is an increasing demand for high-performance composite conduc...

High-aspect-ratio (HAR) copper through-holes (THs) present significant challenges in electroplating due to mass transport limitations and the risk of non-uniform deposition. Here, we report a novel class of anthraquinone-based additives with grafted ethylene oxide (EO) side chains (ATQ-EOs) designed to enhance copper plating uniformity and throwing power. The ATQ core provides reversible redox activity, while EO chains improve solubility and act as surface levelers. Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic measurements, and cathodic polarization–stripping, reveal that intermediate EO chain lengths (ATQ-EO600 and ATQ-EO1000) optimize convection-dependent adsorption and cathodic inhibition, balancing deposition suppression and leveling. In situ ATR-SEIRA confirms Cl⁻-independent adsorption and displacement of interfacial water and sulfate ions. Hull cell experiments, SEM, and XRD analyses demonstrate improved deposit uniformity, grain refinement, and a Cu(111)-dominant texture. HAR TH tests further highlight the superior throwing power of ATQ-EO600 and ATQ-EO1000, achieving uniform filling in challenging geometries. These results establish a clear structure–function relationship between additive design, interfacial kinetics, and plating performance, offering practical guidance for next-generation copper electroplating in advanced electronic interconnects.

The inadvertent deposition of latent fingerprints stamps indubitable forensic evidence, serving as a solid link between individuals and objective scenes. In this study, a novel approach was developed to simultaneously collect the geometrical and chemical features from latent fingerprints, which establishes a broadened perspective over the inspected biological traces. Ultrasonic spraying was employed to swiftly acquire a uniform distribution of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging. The NP-developed fingerprint brings an improved contrast of microscopic visualization as well as additional inelastic spectral information within the SERS image. K-NearestNeighbor (KNN) feature point matching and local similarity matching were utilized to recognize the SERS fingerprint images reconstructed from characteristic SERS bands. A matching score involving minutia descriptors was introduced to parametrize the degree of resemblance in latent fingerprint identification, yielding high matching accuracy even with partially damaged fingerprints. The trade-off between the accuracy in chemical identification and the completeness in fingerprint reconstruction was discussed. The effective SERS visualization and reconstruction of fingerprints was accomplished from the sample containing etomidate with the concentration as low as 1 μM. Additionally, the SERS imaging on a curved keycap surface was realized, which meets the critical demands of the investigation over particular chemicals.

This study investigated the impact of zinc oxide’s (ZnO’s) morphology on the piezoelectric performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites for flexible sensors. Rod-like (NR) and sheet-like (NS) ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal methods and incorporated into PVDF through direct ink writing (DIW). The structural analyses confirmed the successful formation of wurtzite ZnO and enhanced β-phase content in the PVDF/ZnO composites. At a degree of 15 wt% loading, the ZnO-NS nanoparticles achieved the highest β-phase fraction (81.3%) in PVDF due to their high specific surface area, facilitating dipole alignment and strain-induced crystallization. The optimized PVDF/ZnO-NS-15 sensor demonstrated superior piezoelectric outputs (4.75 V, 140 mV/N sensitivity) under a 27 N force, outperforming its ZnO-NR counterparts (3.84 V, 100 mV/N). The cyclic tests revealed exceptional durability (<5% signal attenuation after 1000 impacts) and a rapid response (<100 ms). The application trials validated their real-time motion-monitoring capabilities, including finger joint flexion detection. This work highlights the morphology-dependent interfacial polarization as a critical factor for high-performance flexible sensors, offering a scalable DIW-based strategy for wearable electronics.