Mohammad Abdul Jalil

A facile, low cost and environment-friendly synthesis process of nanoparticles is very necessary due to the increasing concern for the environment. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from silver nitrate precursors using leaves from Azadirachta Indica plant, also referred to as the Neem tree. The presence of phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, terpenoids, etc.) in Azadirachta Indica leaf extract was mainly responsible to synthesis AgNPs. For the preparation of Azadirachta Indica leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles (A.I-AgNPs), the synthesis parameters were chosen for pH 8, time 1.5 hrs, temperature 70ºC, plant extract: silver nitrate 1:8. The as-prepared A.I-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. After the addition of plant extract into the silver nitrate solution, the color of the reaction mixture was changed from yellow to brown to dip brown which was the visual confirmation of silver nanoparticles formation. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic of A.I-AgNPs was analyzed by UV–vis spectrophotometer test. The SPR peak was found at 460nm which confirmed the successful formation of silver nanoparticles. The FE-SEM analysis revealed that most of the nanoparticles are spherical in shape with the size ranging from 45nm to 111nm (average 84nm). EDX analysis showed an intense peak at 3KeV that strongly proved the presence of silver elements. FTIR analysis of the synthesized silver nanoparticles confirmed the presence of different functional groups on the A.I-AgNPs surface which ensured the successful reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles. The successful preparation of A.I-AgNPs suggested that the chosen synthesis parameters can be further used to prepare AgNPs for various applications.

The demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices by reducing the usage of virgin materials and minimizing the environmental impact associated with textile production has increased. However, due to the subjectivity of reuse and recycling for waste management, developing textiles with sustainable and quality yarn characteristics remains a challenge. The main goal of this experiment is to produce a new sustainable blended open end (OE)‐rotor yarn by using pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and recycled waste fiber (RWF). OE‐rotor yarns are made in various proportions from RWFs generated from clothing wastes and bleached PALF at 20%, 50%, and 80%, respectively. To provide a more accurate evaluation, the properties of 100% PALF OE‐rotor yarns versus PALF‐RWF blended OE‐rotor yarns are compared. The evaluation of various physical properties led to the discovery that rotor yarns with up to 80% RWF‐PALF blended yarns had an acceptable number of physical attributes. The findings were encouraging given that the created yarns from RWF with PALF blended are less expensive than the yarns produced from standard raw materials. It also has a dual‐benefit for the manufacturers that it allows them to make money from the waste while also addressing zero waste management and disposal challenges.

Nanotechnology is gaining enormous attention as the most dynamic research area in science and technology. It involves the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials in diverse fields including medical, agriculture, textiles, food technology, cosmetics, aerospace, electronics, etc. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in such applications due to their excellent physicochemical, antibacterial, and biological properties. The use of plant extract as a biological reactor is one of the most promising solutions for the synthesis of AgNPs because this process overcomes the drawbacks of physical and chemical methods. This review article summarizes the plant‐mediated synthesis process, the probable reaction mechanism, and the colorimetric sensing applications of AgNPs. Plant‐mediated synthesis parameters largely affect the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic due to the changes in the size and shape of AgNPs. These changes in the size and shape of plant‐mediated AgNPs are elaborately discussed here by analyzing the surface plasmon resonance characteristics. Furthermore, this article also highlights the promising applications of plant‐mediated AgNPs in sensing applications regarding the detection of mercury, hydrogen peroxide, lead, and glucose. Finally, it describes the future perspective of plant‐mediated AgNPs for the development of green chemistry.

Jute is a bio-degradable, agro-renewable, and widely available lingo cellulosic fiber having high tensile strength and initial modulus, moisture regain, good sound, and heat insulation properties. For these unique properties and eco-friendly nature of jute fibers, jute-based products are now widely used in many sectors such as packaging, home textiles, agro textiles, build textiles, and so forth. The diversified applications of jute products create an excellent opportunity to mitigate the negative environmental effect of petroleum-based products. For producing the best quality jute products, the main prerequisite is to ensure the jute yarn quality that can be defined by the load at break (L.B), strain at break (S.B), tenacity at break (T.B), and tensile modulus (T.M). However, good quality yarn production by considering these parameters is quite difficult because these parameters follow a non-linear relationship. Therefore, it is essential to build up a model that can cover this entire inconsistent pattern and forecast the yarn quality accurately. That is why, in this study, a laboratory-based research work was performed to develop a fuzzy model to predict the quality of jute yarn considering L.B, S.B, T.B, and T.M as input parameters. For this purpose, 173 tex (5 lb/spindle) and 241 tex (7 lb/spindle) were produced, and then L.B, S.B, T.B and T.M values were measured. Using this measured value, a fuzzy model was developed to determine the optimum L.B, S.B, T.B, and T.M to produce the best quality jute yarn. In our proposed fuzzy model, for 173 tex and 241 tex yarn count, the mean relative error was found to be 1.46% (Triangular membership) and 1.48% (Gaussian membership), respectively, and the correlation coefficient was 0.93 for both triangular and gaussian membership function. This result validated the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy model for an industrial application. The developed fuzzy model may help a spinner to produce the best quality jute yarn.

Recently, nanostructured carbon‐based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.