Song Yang

Silicon-based anode materials have low electrical conductivity, volume expansion and the easy repeated formation of solid electrolyte interface layers, which seriously impede their commercialization. Introducing Ti–O–Si bonds into silicon-based materials has been proven to be an effective way to alleviate silicon defects. Here, we adopted a one-step mechanical force strategy to synthesize Ti–O–Si bonds, and high-energy ball milling was employed to promote the exfoliation of the lamellar structure of natural graphite spherical tailings and restructure it. During the process, nano-Si and Ti ₄ O ₇ were wound to form spherical particles. Nano-Si particles could not only be in situ immobilized within spherical matrices but also form Ti–O–Si bonds, thereby enhancing interface stability and reducing the formation of lithium dendrites. Due to the rational design of the components and structure, the stress concentration problem caused by the expansion of silicon material during charging and discharging has been alleviated. Si@C@Ti ₄ O ₇ anode exhibited a long cycle life (after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g ⁻¹ , 538.2 mAh g ⁻¹ ) and excellent ionic diffusion capability. This work demonstrated the feasibility of introducing Ti–O–Si bonds in a solid phase environment, offering a novel solution for optimizing the silicon-carbon interface and enhancing the high value utilization of natural graphite spherical tailings.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) commonly exists in natural gas, syngas, and coal-derived gas, and the elimination of H₂S from industrial gases is essential before application. In this study, we utilized low-cost lignite as a raw material. After acid-washing pretreatment, nitrogen-containing substances (urea or dicyandiamide) were incorporated into the coal, and two types of N-modified activated carbon desulfurizers for ambient-temperature H₂S removal were prepared via an in situ loading method, integrating the synthesis of activated carbon with the loading of active components. When the dicyandiamide content was 9 wt.%, and the oxygen concentration for desulfurization was 5%, the breakthrough time reached 550 min with a corresponding breakthrough sulfur capacity of 79.6 mg/g. Characterization revealed that the dicyandiamide-N-modified desulfurizer possessed elevated oxygen and nitrogen contents, which may partially augment the density of surface alkaline active sites. This enhancement is likely to induce alkalization of the interfacial water layer, thereby potentially accelerating H₂S dissociation into HS⁻ and subsequently facilitating its oxidative conversion to elemental sulfur via reaction with oxygen.

The natural polymers in chemical sand fixation for desertification control have been used increasingly utilized. However, natural polymers’ limited cohesive and adhesive properties lead to insufficient compressive strength in the stabilized sand mass. To address this issue, a complementary strategy based on multiple cross-linking and multisite hydrogen bond adsorption has been proposed to enhance both cohesive and adhesive forces of natural polymers during sand fixation. This approach involves covalent cross-linking with N,N′-methylenebis­(acrylamide) (MBA) and reinforcement of the cohesive structure through hydrogen bonds provided by tannic acid. The polyphenolic groups introduced by MBA confer strong adhesion to sand particles, thereby simultaneously improving the cohesion and adhesion. In compression tests of sand columns with optimally proportioned sand stabilizers, the modified sand stabilizer increased the compressive strength of the sand columns by 37.7% compared with the pure carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sand stabilizer. Spectroscopic, rheological, and thermal analyses of the sand stabilizer revealed the formation of diverse cross-linked structures ranging from covalent cross-linking to composite hydrogen-bonded cross-linking related to the hydrogen-boding adsorption between tannic acid and silica. Correspondingly, the adsorption energies calculated by DFT ranged from −36.962 to −84.39 kcal/mol, which are significantly higher than those of the hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups (with absolute values less than 1 kcal/mol). This study provides new insights into the interfacial adsorption mechanisms between polyphenolic groups and silica and offers theoretical support for improving the sand-stabilizing performance of natural polymers.

Sodium‐ion batteries have received considerable interest as a novel material for large‐scale energy storage owing to their plentiful sodium resources and very low cost. Hard carbon (HC), the ideal anode material, presently faces an important drawback of poor cycling stability, mostly due to the instability of the solid‐electrolyte interphases (SEI). This work systematically reviews the recent advancements in SEI modification strategies, emphasizing alterations in the composition, structure, and creation routes of SEI throughout cycling, alongside its correlation with cycling stability. It elucidates the mechanism via which the stability of SEI influences cycle stability. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the influence of electrode design (pore size regulation, coating alteration, doping modification) and electrolyte system optimization on SEI regulation. Present research has transitioned from “passive modification to mitigate SEI formation” to “active modification to generate high‐quality SEI”. Notwithstanding a large number of research studies, the formation mechanism of SEI remains contentious and needs further elucidation in the future. This document serves as a systematic reference for SEI modification, significantly aiding the development and application of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs).

多孔液体（Porous Liquids, PLs）是一类兼具永久孔隙结构和流动性特征的新型功能材料，因其独特的物理化学性质在基础研究与技术应用中备受关注。尽管近年来其应用研究已取得显著进展，但系统性综述的缺乏阻碍了对该领域发展脉络的全面认知。本文从合成策略出发，系统梳理了多孔液体的构筑方法学，详细阐释了孔隙率、流体性质及稳定性的表征方法体系，并基于跨学科视角对催化转化、燃油脱硫、生物医药、电化学储能、摩擦学及阻燃材料等关键领域的应用进展进行批判性评述。最后，通过整合多孔液体的结构-性能关系，提出未来研究应聚焦于理性设计其拓扑结构、优化表界面特性，并探索其流动行为与异质体系协同作用机制，从而拓展其在智能响应材料及绿色工程中的潜在应用场景。