Oksana G. Karataeva

Increasing the global competitiveness of domestic hop production is directly related to the effectiveness of its export supply management. The purpose of this study is to develop elements of accounting and analytical support that allows enterprises of the hop-producing subcomplex to identify, evaluate and level key logistical barriers in foreign markets. The article substantiates the thesis that traditional cost accounting models do not fully reflect the complex impact of logistical barriers on the final cost and profitability of export operations. Using methods of comparative analysis, classification and systematization, the main categories of barriers are identified. As a result, an adapted model for accounting and calculating the total logistical cost of an export shipment is proposed, integrating the costs of overcoming the identified barriers. The practical significance of the article lies in the development of specific accounting recommendations and analytical indicators, the application of which will allow enterprises of the hop-producing subcomplex to make more informed pricing and marketing decisions, thereby increasing their stability in the international arena. The proposed tools contribute not only to an increase in operational efficiency, but also create an information base for an informed dialogue with government agencies on export support issues.

Vascular bacteriosis of cabbage caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris remains a significant threat to cabbage cultivation, especially in the context of stricter restrictions on the use of chemical plant protection products. The paper presents the results of characterization of the new Murka bacteriophage, which is active against 64.3% of the studied strains of the pathogen, including those circulating in Central Europe and Russia. Model experiments in a multi-channel bioreactor allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the phage-bacterium interaction in the range of 15–45 °C. It was found that the greatest lytic activity and accumulation of phage particles are achieved at a culture temperature of 20–30 °C. This indicates the promising use of the Murka phage in various climatic zones. The phage showed resistance to chloroform, stability in the pH range of 6–10, and loss of activity at temperatures above 50 °C. Morphologically, Murka belongs to the genus Mioviruses, genetically to the genus Foxunavirus. The 43,277 bp long phage genome contains 83 ORF genes, of which 41 have a proposed function, and 42 are hypothetical proteins. Additional tests have shown that even with temperature fluctuations, the phage is able to effectively control bacterial growth. Special attention is paid to the possibility of using phage in the early stages of plant vegetation, for example, during pre-sowing seed treatment, when conditions contribute to maximum stability and effectiveness of phage therapy. In the future, it is planned to conduct in-planta tests in open ground conditions, which will determine the optimal regulations for the use and integration of phage use into a comprehensive cabbage protection system against vascular bacteriosis.

The article presents the results of the development of growth models forecasting the yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lubava based on the value of empirical sowing parameters obtained in the early stages of plant development, the predicted thermal resources of the growing season of the current year and the efficiency coefficients of the preparation Ecobiosphere B in the experimental field of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy (Kostroma District, Kostroma Region). It was found that the humic complex Ecobiosphere B influenced the development of T. aestivum L. Lubava, shortening the interphase period in the middle of the growing season by seven days in comparison with the control (untreated) plants. The heat capacity of the phenological development phases was calculated, which made it possible to predict the calendar dates of the phenological development phases, from the sowing date to harvest maturity, based on the forecast of the heat resource for the current year. Simulation-dynamic growth models of seasonal prediction of phytometric parameters, adjusted to the efficiency of consumption rate and frequency of application of the humic complex Ecobiosphere B as a regulator of growth and development, worked with the following accuracy: 0.5 L/t seed + 0.5 L/ha in the tillering phase of Ecobiosphere B: plant height – 98.32%, mass of phytoorgans at 13% humidity: ground active phytomass – 95.1%, leaves – 83.54%, stem – 91.08%, ear elements – 87.23%, fruits – 98.24%; 1.0 L/t seed + 1.0 L/ha in the tillering phase of Ecobiosphere B: plant height – 98.47%, mass of phytoorgans at 13% humidity: ground active phytomass – 87.5%, leaves – 64 .57%, stem – 85.46%, ear elements – 61.09%, fruits – 96.11%. The models will provide the ability to predict plant productivity and yield of T. aestivum L. The models will make it possible to predict plant productivity and yield of T. aestivum L. Lubava under production conditions at least 80–90 days before harvest maturity and, if necessary, to adjust the cultivation technology during the growing season in order to increase the economic efficiency of production.

Article 3422. Пензенский государственный университет