Rizma Aldillah

The development of the Farmer’s Exchange Rate (FER) index at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The effort to scrutinize the phenomenon of the decreasing FER is important and relevant for a deep study, especially related to its effects on farming activities. This study will observe FER changes and their effects on farming, especially rice farming. Methods of analysis include: (1) Descriptive Analysis (in the form of tables and graphs/diagrams only), (2) Quantitative Analysis (using multiple regression models). The results of the analysis of various factors affecting the FER show that the variable of the price of paddy at the farmer level has a positive and real effect on the FER. In this case, if the price of paddy increases by Rp 10, then the FER will increase by 0.157 units. Furthermore, the price of diesel fuel for agricultural equipment and machinery also has a positive and real effect on the FER. In this case, if there is an increase in the price of Rp 10, then there will be an increase in the FER of 0.052 FER units. It can be concluded that the influence of FER shows that the variable of unhusked-paddy price at the farm level has a positive and significant effect on FER. It can be made by farmers by achieving maximum possible economic efficiency through improvements in technical efficiency and optimization of resource reallocation (allocative efficiency), supported by output price incentive policies in order to obtain an adequate level of income.

The Agro Techno Park (ATP) area was built with the aim of facilitating research, education, dissemination and acceleration of the transfer of agricultural technology produced by government agencies, universities and collaboration with other multi actors. The concept developed in the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) area is an integrated agricultural model that integrates agriculture and animal husbandry, especially beef cattle with food crops. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential for beef cattle development in the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) area. This research was conducted in the Agro Techno Park (ATP) area, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra in 2021. The research was conducted using data collection methods through brainstorming with the Guguak Agro Techno Park (ATP) manager, livestock researchers, other livestock actors and data analysis secondary. Data analysis used SWOT analysis for the preparation of beef cattle development strategies and a series of quantitative calculations for resource analysis. Based on the results of research on beef cattle development strategies in the Agro Techno Park (ATP) area, it has strengths and opportunities, such as optimizing the use of Agro Techno Park (ATP) as a means of education and disseminating livestock technology innovations to support the development of beef cattle in the Agro Techno area. Park (ATP) and optimizing the use of agricultural crop waste, especially food crops as animal feed, which can overcome the problem of lack of feed availability.

Fertilizer plays an important role in agricultural production, and up to now it has always been subsidized through the selling price mechanism. This study aims to analyze three related areas, namely, the subsidized fertilizer policy dynamics, the development of subsidized fertilizer highest retail price (HRP), and the effects of its subsidy price changes on rice production. The study uses both the primary data from research in West Java in 2020 and the data from 2016 national farmer panel and also the secondary data. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively, namely, multiple regression analysis and qualitative descriptive studies. The results of the analysis show that the profit value of lowland rice farming is Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). 13.89 million/ha/season and Revenue per cost ratio (R/C) is 1.85. The proportion of fertilizer input cost to the total lowland rice farming cost reaches 10.25%. The analysis of the nationwide impacts of the HRP increase of the subsidized fertilizers by IDR. 300/kg shows the result that there would be a decrease in national rice productivity by 0.09 tons/ha, a decrease in national rice production by 0.94 million tons milled dry rice (MDR/GKG), and a decrease in the national rice harvest area equivalent to 186,219 ha. It is suggested that in the future, some efforts and measures are needed to make the use of subsidized fertilizers to be more effective and efficient. In order to maintain national rice production, a program to increase the harvested areas is needed.

Price changes affect all aspects of agricultural activities, especially on agricultural development.To increase the production of strategic commodities such as rice, maize, and soybean, needs special attention to the impact of price changes closely related to that trading, so it is expected that the implications for farming income will be better and can make farmers more prosperous in the future. Often the fact, the growth in food demand is faster than the growth of its supply, causing changes in the price of staple foodstuffs, and ultimately impacting at the farmers income whose are uncertain. This paper aims to analyze the impact of changes in rice,maize and soybean prices on that trading, and its implications for farm income. The determination of the Reference Price of Purchase which only considers the cost of farming to produce rice, corn and soybean has not provided optimal support for efforts to increase the income of pajale farming. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all cost components, as well as government intervention in helping to strengthen the bargaining position of farmers in the trading system of these three commodities in Indonesia, so that the supply chain from farmers to the hands of end consumers can be cut, in order to provide direct implications for increased farm revenues.AbstrakPerubahan harga memengaruhi seluruh aspek kegiatan pertanian, khususnya terhadap pembangunan pertanian. Untuk meningkatkan produksi komoditas pangan utama, seperti padi, jagung, dan kedelai diperlukan perhatian khusus terhadap dampak perubahan harga yang berkaitan erat dengan perdagangannya sehingga diharapkan pendapatan usaha tani menjadi lebih baik dan petani makin sejahtera kedepannya. Seringkali faktanya bahwa pertumbuhan permintaan pangan lebih cepat dari pertumbuhan penyediaannya yang menyebabkan perubahan harga pangan pokok sering bergejolak dan akhirnya berdampak pada pendapatan petani yang tidak menentu. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak perubahan harga padi, jagung dan kedelai terhadap perdagangannya, serta implikasinya terhadap pendapatan usaha tani. Penetapan harga acuan pembelian (HAP) yang hanya mempertimbangkan biaya usaha tani untuk memproduksi padi, jagung dan kedelai belum memberikan dukungan yang optimal bagi upaya peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani pajale. Untuk itu, perlunya mempertimbangkan semua komponen biaya serta intervensi pemerintah dalam membantu memperkuat posisi tawar petani dalam sistem perdagangan ketiga komoditas tersebut di Indonesia sehingga rantai pasok dari petani ke tangan konsumen akhir dapat dipangkas dengan tujuan dapat memberikan implikasi secara langsung terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani.

Maize is one of important commodities after rice. As a secondary crop in Indonesia, maize has multifunctional uses either as food or feed. Maize agribusiness has some benefits as it is highly demanded for feed raw material and easily cultivated. Besides external factor, i.e. inter-regional trade and export opportunities among regions and countries such as maize trade opportunity among regions and countries. Some weaknesses of maize agribusiness are limited farmers’ land areas, minimal infrastructure, technology, competing water use with other major crops, and potential threat of climate change. This study uses SWOT (Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats) and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) approaches. Analysis results show that maize agribusiness development should be competitive, farmers-based, sustainable and decentralized. The government needs to improve people’s participation in maize agribusiness. Main measures to take maize agribusiness development are effectiveness and quality of government service, and distribution facilities and infrastructure improvement. AbstrakJagung merupakan komoditas strategis utama terpenting setelah padi dan salah satu komoditas tanaman palawija utama di Indonesia yang kegunaannya relatif luas, terutama untuk konsumsi manusia dan kebutuhan bahan pakan ternak. Agribisnis jagung memiliki berbagai keuntungan yakni memberikan banyak manfaat, memiliki keunggulan sebagai pakan untuk unggas, dan usaha taninya mudah. Namun, jagung memiliki beberapa permasalahan seperti luas lahan yang terbatas, dan teknologi usaha tani rendah. Jagung memiliki peluang perdagangan antardaerah dan negara dan kebutuhan jagung nasional cukup tinggi dan terus tumbuh. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan studi untuk mendapatkan strategi pengembangan jagung nasional ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SWOT (Strenght-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats) dan QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). Hasil analisis data mendapatkan bahwa strategi alternatif terpenting dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung adalah harus berorientasi pada pengembangan agribisnis jagung yang berdaya saing, berkerakyatan, berkelanjutan, dan terdesentralisasi. Dibutuhkan peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah dalam memfasilitasi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam membangun agribisnis jagung. Secara menyeluruh, prioritas utama dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung ke depan membutuhkan dukungan melalui peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah, serta pengembangan sarana dan prasarana distribusi.