Til Baalisampang

Corrosion fatigue is a critical degradation mechanism affecting the structural integrity of marine and offshore components. Pitting is particularly detrimental because it acts as a stress concentrator and can initiate early fatigue failure. The present study investigates the impact of pitting corrosion on the fatigue life of AISI 316L stainless steel. Specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion using ferric chloride (FeCl3) in accordance with ASTM G48-11 for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Fatigue tests were then conducted under tension-tension loading at two stress amplitudes (164.16 MPa and 191.52 MPa) in accordance with ASTM E466-21. Surface characterisation using a high-resolution optical profiler quantified pit morphology, including depth, diameter, and density, while metal loss was measured separately. Results showed a monotonic decline in fatigue performance with increasing pit depth, density, maximum diameter, and metal loss. Specimens with greater maximum pit diameter, pit density, and metal loss tended to have shorter fatigue lives. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to examine the relationships between fatigue life and pit characteristics. The model showed better prediction results at higher stress levels, where metal loss had a greater influence on fatigue failure. In contrast, greater variability in prediction at lower stress reflected the influence of local microstructural and geometric factors. These findings advance understanding of pit-induced fatigue failure and support condition monitoring, integrity assessment, and predictive maintenance strategies.

Heat radiation, combustion products, and flame engulfment are the main hazards from a fire event. Several reports have indicated that fire toxicity has caused greater numbers of human injuries and fatalities than those of heat radiation and flame engulfment. In a complex facility, the risk of fire toxicity increases significantly due to the difficulty of escaping in cases of emergency rescue and evacuation operations. This study proposes a methodology to model the impact of combustion products on humans. Several fire scenarios were considered to identify credible fire scenarios. In the most credible fire scenario, concentrations of combustion products over the layout of a facility were modeled. The results showed that the concentrations of CO and CO₂ are below the short‐term exposure limit and lethal concentration 50 threshold limits at the considered time. The possible reasons for this are that the fire location was in a well‐ventilated area and equipment layouts were designed with proper safety gaps replicating a full‐scale dimension of an operating floating liquefied natural gas processing facility. The concentration of soot is above the threshold limit, and this has the potential to cause adverse health effects. This study can provide a tool for assessing fire toxicity in processing facilities, which will help improve safety measures.