Wanderson Carneiro Moreira

Objectives: to perform cross-cultural adaptation and content validity of the Mental Health Literacy questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese.

Objetivos: realizar a adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo do Mental Health Literacy questionnaire para o português brasileiro.

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do discurso de heroísmo na implicação profissional de enfermeiros na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado de abril a junho de 2020, pelo método bola de neve, com 598 enfermeiros do Brasil, por meio do Google Forms®. Foi conduzido à luz do referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, que busca compreender e transformar a realidade social quanto às dimensões ideológicas (maneira de pensar e representar a profissão), libidinal (produções e rearranjos realizados com a profissão por meio do desejo) e organizacional (base material para o exercício da profissão). Resultados: na dimensão ideológica, o discurso de heroísmo sobre os enfermeiros envolve o não reconhecimento social da profissão e a figura do herói, que não se veem assim, pois atuam em más condições de trabalho e estão em constante risco de morte. Na libidinal, de forma ambígua, os enfermeiros se identificam com o discurso de heroísmo quando há admiração da população, reconhecimento social e satisfação com o trabalho, mesmo em meio a sentimentos de aflição, impotência, tristeza e medo. Por fim, na dimensão organizacional, o discurso se implica com melhores condições de trabalho, salários e carga horária reduzida, necessários à prestação de cuidados com qualidade e segurança. Conclusão: os efeitos do discurso de heroísmo estão implicados nas três dimensões e remetem ao processo sócio-histórico de constituição da profissão, associando os enfermeiros à figura de herói. Os enfermeiros questionam veementemente essa posição, uma vez que as condições precárias de trabalhos às quais estão expostos são bem reais.

This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men’s health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important negative psychological impact on people worldwide, especially nursing professionals who seem to be more vulnerable to the development of psychopathological symptoms. Objective: To analyze relationships between variables from the social and clinical contexts with psychopathological symptoms in nursing professionals from different geographic regions of Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 1737 nursing professionals from the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was carried out online with a questionnaire made available via Google Forms containing sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical questions, and the Symptom Assessment Scale-40-R, for the assessment of psychopathological symptoms. Differences between mean scores for the severity of psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Mann–Whitney and Kruskall–Wallis tests. Results: There was a significant difference in the psychoticism domain scores according to Brazilian geographic region, with greater severity among professionals from the North and Northeast regions when compared with those from the South region. Social context variables (gender, age group, and marital status) and clinical variables (psychological and psychiatric follow-up; psychological or emotional support by the institution; family member, friend, neighbor, or co-worker with COVID-19, and death among them; use of psychiatric medication without a medical prescription; and taking steps to take care of their mental health) were significantly related to psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: The results point to the importance of mental health promotion strategies for professionals through psychological or emotional support, as evidence indicates that this support can be a predictor of reduced psychological distress.

Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais dos profissionais de enfermagem residentes no Brasil sobre a pandemia da Covid-19 no contexto da saúde mental. Método: estudo qualitativo com 719 profissionais das cinco regiões geográficas, a partir de formulário virtual. Empregou-se o software IRaMuTeQ®? para preparo do material empírico e Análise de Conteúdo Temática, e interpretação à luz do referencial teórico das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Participaram Técnicos de Enfermagem (20%), Enfermeiros (47,2%), Obstetrizes (0,5%), Enfermeiros docente-pesquisadores (15%), Enfermeiros Pós-graduandos (13,4%), Enfermeiros especializando (3,7%). As RS dos profissionais de enfermagem são elaboradas na esfera do processo de trabalho precarizado e nas vivências naturalizadas da construção social da profissão, antes e no contexto pandêmico, são fotografias da realidade de uma categoria tomada como máquina de uma engrenagem e não constituída de sujeitos de direitos. Revela-se uma realidade que tem subtraído a possibilidade de estes projetarem planos para o futuro e abre espaço para a produção do adoecimento mental. É fundamental ampliar o debate sobre os desafios cotidianos da profissão para que seja possível potencializar o valor do seu trabalho, de vanguarda e sua essencialidade nos sistemas de saúde, e que a Enfermagem não pode calar. Considerações Finais: Foi possível apreender que os profissionais de enfermagem residentes no Brasil, vinham realizando o trabalho de forma precarizada antes da pandemia da Covid-19, e em suas práticas não produziam grandes questionamentos. Com a pandemia e o risco de contaminação, os profissionais passaram a olhar a prática profissional mais de perto e sentiram medo das vivências naturalizadas e simplificadas frente ao não uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Logo, compreenderam que cuidar do outro implica também cuidar de si. Este estudo também revela que os profissionais precisam ressignificar a construção social da profissão e constituir uma consciência de classe frente ao modo de produção no qual estão inseridos.

The context of COVID-19 made it possible for professionals in the nursing category to be in a state of alert and emotional distress, and they were afraid to perform procedures on suspected or confirmed patients of COVID-19. Objective: To understand the fear-generating circumstances experienced by nursing professionals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative, exploratory study, developed in the five geographic regions of Brazil, through interviews in a virtual environment with 215 professionals, between April and December 2020. The data were processed by the IRaMuTeQ® software and analyzed in the light of the theoretical-philosophical framework of Phenomenological Sociology. Results: Most females mean 37.9 years old, married, white and mixed-race, nursing technicians (15.5%) and nurses (84.5%), working in public institutions. The textual corpus was divided by the software into 3 classes and subclasses: fear of personal and family life circumstances, related to the risk of self-contamination, transmission, loss of family members, co-workers and life itself; fear of exposure and social distancing in the face of the feeling of loneliness arising from social distancing, despite understanding that loneliness implies the absence of emotional connections with the people around, and not associated with physical distance; fear of subjective and objective working conditions, related to insecurity in the face of precarious working conditions, such as physical infrastructure, biosafety inputs, human resources, technical unpreparedness, lack of training and qualifications to take on highly complex care units, such as the needs to acquire and improve technical-scientific knowledge. Conclusion: The circumstances that generate fear are multiple and are processed in the physical, social, psychological and work dimensions, and it marks the lack of knowledge about the disease. The interpretations of the everyday world are based on a stock of previous experiences and transmitted by our predecessors, if they didn't have them (didn't live a pandemic) they can hardly deal with the current problem.

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between psychopathological symptoms, coping strategies, and the sexual orientation of Brazilian nursing professionals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and analytical study with 1737 nurses, midwives, nursing assistants, and technicians, working at different levels of health care, direct assistance and/or administrative/managerial assistance, and linked to teaching and research. These included socio-demographic data, Psychopathological Symptom Assessment Scale, and coping strategies inventory. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used, with a significance level of 0.05. Statistically significant differences were evidenced between psychoticism; obsessiveness-compulsivity; somatization and anxiety, indicating mental suffering. Bisexual professionals showed greater severity of psychopathological symptoms. As for the coping strategy, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of Withdrawal, Responsibility, Escape from Fear, and Self-Control, according to sexual orientation. The factors Withdrawal, Self-control, and Responsibility had higher means in bisexuals (p < 0.05) and lower means in confrontation (p > 0.05). In homosexuals, the highest mean scores were for the problem solving and social support factors (p > 0.05) and lowest in the Withdrawal factor (p < 0.05). Among heterosexuals, the highest mean score was in confrontation (p > 0.05) and the lowest in avoidance (p < 0.05). This study reinforces the importance of reflecting on the life context and work settings of nursing professionals, especially bisexual women, through the influence of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on their mental health. The data can guide actions that minimize the impacts on mental health, in addition to recognizing, based on the findings, a collective complaint from the professional category to the health authorities and competent bodies, as a way of explaining the context experienced in the locus of their work.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health.

Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.