Macarena Tortosa-Pérez

Parenting coordination emerged in the United States of America in the 1990s as a specialized intervention to manage high-conflict parental separations, with the goal of protecting children by reducing interparental disputes. This study analyzes its introduction in Spain through case law from 2012 to 2024. Of 883 judicial rulings identified, 389 were examined that approved or sustained parenting coordination. The highest number of cases occurred in Catalonia and the Valencian Community, followed by Madrid, Murcia, and Navarre. Courts rulings are based on the best interests of the child and the need to ensure compliance with judicial measures or parenting plans. Although not yet legally regulated in Spain, parenting coordination is supported by constitutional principles, the Civil Code, and international child protection standards. The findings reveal uneven implementation across regions, with greater prevalence in areas where specific services or projects exist. A consolidated body of jurisprudence—particularly in Catalonia—supports the legitimacy of parenting coordination. The study concludes with a recommendation for its formal legal regulation.

Although developing countries represent a minimal percentage of the world's scientific production with impact, it is necessary to analyze and study them to appreciate their research policies, publication rates and collaborations. For this study, we have selected all the countries that, according to the Human Development Report 2020, have a research and development expenditure below 0.8, which puts 168 countries in the focus of analysis. Focusing on the articles and review articles that these countries have obtained in the 11 categories that exist in Web of Science (SCI, SSCI and ESCI collections) on psychology, all articles with an impact factor in the years 2017 to 2021 have been selected. In total, 21337 articles were extracted, 62% of which were produced in South America and Asia. The highest number of papers have been published in the categories "Psychology Multidisciplinary" (33.7%) and "Psychology Clinical" (16.0%). Journals indexed in developing countries tend to have a more significant impact within their own continent, and the scientific collaboration networks they maintain are predominantly within the same continent. This leads us to the conclusion that scientific production and dissemination in developing countries are severely constrained, possibly due to social, economic, and political factors.

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer si los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados en el ámbito de las drogodependencias son fiables y válidos. Para ellos se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura de acuerdo con las directrices de la última versión del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes - PRISMA 2020. Se han utilizado las bases de datos siguientes: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE y PsycINFO, sin restricción por fecha de publicación. En la ecuación de búsqueda se utilizó la combinación de palabras clave y términos MeSH relacionados «(“psychological assessment” [OR] “assessment instruments” [OR] “outcome assessment” [OR] “outcome measurement” [OR] “psychometric”) [AND] (“substance-related disorders” [OR] “substance use disorder” [OR] “drug addiction” [OR] “drug dependence” [OR] “drug abuse” [OR] “substance abuse”)». De los 47 estudios analizados, 44 artículos mostraron una buena calidad metodológica y rigor científico, y tres presentaron una metodología y rigor científico deficientes. En algunos casos se han observado determinados sesgos estadísticos como, falta de especificación de las variables cuantitativas empleadas en los análisis o del proceso estadístico seguido para el cálculo de la muestra. Se observan buenas puntuaciones en fiabilidad y validez, aunque quizá haya un sesgo de publicación. Además, algunos de los instrumentos gozan de unas propiedades psicométricas avaladas históricamente como pueden ser el MMPI, NEO-PI, el BDI-II o el STAI, si bien en algunos casos (e.g.depresión) se ha informado de que el punto de corte debería ser diferente para la población de consumidores de sustancias adictivas.

Parenting Coordination is a specialized intervention aimed at mitigating the negative effects of high-conflict parental separations on children. To assess its current state of implementation and practice in Spain, a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted using an ad hoc survey distributed nationwide. A total of 178 professionals from psychosocial and legal fields participated. The results indicate a high level of awareness of the role (89.9%), with half of the respondents having received specialized training, although only 34.8% had practiced it. Most respondents were female psychologists aged between 40 and 49, with an average of 21 years of professional experience. The descriptive findings of this study show that referrals primarily originate from the judicial system, and the most frequent areas of intervention include improving interparental communication and resolving conflict. Although perceived effectiveness was largely positive, participants identified key barriers, including the absence of national regulation and uneven territorial implementation. These results highlight the need for standardized training, professional supervision, and formal legal recognition of the role, emphasizing its potential to reduce litigation and safeguard the well-being of children and adolescents in high-conflict family contexts.

Las campañas institucionales de comunicación social son una importante herramienta para concienciar a la población sobre distintas problemáticas sociales, conductas y factores de riesgo. Particularmente sobre seguridad vial, se han desarrollado de forma constante en España desde los años 60, y dada su importancia desde una perspectiva epidemiológica, las referentes al riesgo del consumo de alcohol, drogas y fármacos ha sido constante hasta la actualidad. En este contexto, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la evolución del mensaje y las estrategias comunicativas de las campañas sobre el consumo de sustancias en la conducción en España. Se emplea una metodología basada en un exhaustivo visionado de todos los spots históricos difundidos por la Dirección General de Tráfico y emitidos a nivel nacional, registrando y evaluando el contenido de estas piezas comunicativas, incluyendo eslóganes y tratamiento del tono del mensaje, con el objetivo de identificar patrones en el enfoque comunicativo. Se observa una transformación significativa en la naturaleza de los mensajes a lo largo de los años, iniciando con campañas que adoptaron un tono predominantemente informativo y educativo para evolucionar, con el paso de los años, a un aumento del impacto, mediante la intensidad y realismo de los mensajes y las imágenes emitidas y, más recientemente, a desarrollarse una tendencia hacia estrategias de comunicación más diversificadas y heterogéneas. Se identifican ciertos déficits en el contenido de los anuncios de tráfico sobre el consumo de alcohol, drogas y/o psicofármacos, para lo que se realizan propuestas para el desarrollo de futuras campañas.

Background: The deterioration of cognitive and psychophysical ability associated with aging has an effect on road safety, especially in the driving of vehicles. The current study’s main objective is to evaluate the psychophysical aptitudes in drivers over 65 years of age in a sample of drivers in Spain. Methods: The sample was formed of a total of 1663 drivers who attended a Driver Recognition Center. The evaluation of their psychophysical aptitudes was carried out following the Medical-Psychological Exploration Protocol for Driver Recognition Centers, edited by the Ministry of Health and the General Directorate of Traffic. Results: The results show increased restrictions in the evaluation of driving ability with age, which are especially significant after 75 years of age. Regarding sex, 70.1% of women have an approved evaluation, compared to men aged between 65–69, although from 69 onwards, the percentage of approved women decreases significantly. The loss of visual capabilities and poor performance in psycho-technical tests are the main causes associated with an evaluation with restrictions, with the number of restrictive conditions increasing with age. Conclusions: There is an increase in the number of cases with age-related restrictions, especially in the case of women and ophthalmologic-related problems, although the majority of drivers over 65 years old continue driving, thus continuing with a practice that has been related to the well-being and quality of life of older adults.

Background: Legalizing medical and recreational cannabis and decriminalizing this substance may have unanticipated effects on traffic safety. The present study aimed to assess the impact of cannabis legalization on traffic accidents. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration of the articles included in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The number of papers included in the review was 29. Results: The results show that in 15 papers, there is a relationship between the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis and the number of traffic accidents, while in 5 papers, no such relationship is observed. In addition, nine articles indicate a greater number of risk behaviors related to driving after consumption, identifying young, male, and alcohol consumption together with cannabis as the risk profile. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis has negative effects on road safety when considering the number of jobs that affect the number of fatalities.

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relación entre la presencia de mujeres en estructuras directivas de la organización colegial de Psicología y el nivel de feminización del colectivo a través de la información recogida en diferentes fuentes documentales como páginas web, actas, memorias, estatutos y revistas científicas editadas o co-editadas por el Colegio Oficial de la Psicología. Los resultados indican una clara segregación horizontal en el caso de la Psicología con respecto al estudiantado matriculado, egresado y colegiado. Además de una segregación vertical en favor de los hombres en los colegios de salud y en las direcciones y comités editoriales de las revistas editadas por los Colegios Oficiales de la Psicología, si bien cabe destacar los cambios efectuados en materia de lenguaje inclusivo. Se puede concluir que en un área tan feminizada como la Psicología en España se observan desigualdades asociadas al género en algunas áreas de la estructura colegial.