Antonio Pinto

Professional training in Agronomy and Forestry Engineering faces the challenge of responding to ecological crises, productive transformations, and increasing territorial demands. This article presents a systematic literature review, which is confined to the period 2012 to 2024 and is grounded in the frameworks of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis (SALSA), aimed at identifying, categorizing, and analyzing the key competencies that guide a sustainable training model in agricultural and forestry biosystems. The analysis included 28 peer-reviewed studies and technical documents from international organizations, selected through rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. References published after the search period were used only as contextual and theoretical update sources and were not included in the corpus subjected to systematic coding. The findings reveal five integrated categories of competencies: specialized technical competencies focused on ecosystem management and the use of emerging technologies; socio-environmental competencies oriented toward participatory management and ecological justice; territorial and cultural competencies that acknowledge local knowledge and sociocultural diversity; transversal competencies related to communication, interdisciplinary collaboration, and critical thinking; and ethical-political competencies that emphasize social responsibility and the transformation of productive models. The discussion highlights tensions between the technocratic paradigm of competency-based education and the need for comprehensive, contextualized, and emancipatory approaches. Additionally, curricular implications are identified, including the integration of emerging competencies into graduation profiles, the updating of teaching methodologies, the strengthening of territorial connections, and the revision of quality assurance systems. The study concludes that advancing toward sustainable professional training in biosystems requires overcoming instrumental logic and developing curricular frameworks that articulate technical, ethical, ecological, and sociopolitical dimensions.

This paper reports the decision-making process of a forest company to implement LiDAR technology for mapping and inventory issues. The methodology consisted in comparing the accuracy obtained by using LiDAR-derived data, with that obtained by both photogrammetry and satellite imagery in two applications: i) altimetric accuracy on profile estimation, and ii) planimetric accuracy on perimeter and area estimation. As a result, LiDAR showed greater accuracy than alternative methods in the altimetric analysis; however, LiDAR did not show significant differences with the photogrametric method in the planimetric analysis. The economic evaluation of incorporating LiDAR for planning harvesting, forest tracks and plantations establishment, resulted profitable with a net present value of USD $ 2 095 000, at a discount rate of 10%. El objetivo de este trabajo fue documentar el proceso de toma de decisión de una empresa forestal para implementar la tecnología Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) en aplicaciones para sistemas de información cartográfica y de inventario. El análisis consistió en comparar el uso de datos obtenidos con LiDAR, vs técnicas fotogramétricas y contra el uso de datos obtenidos con restitución de imágenes satelitales, bajo dos enfoques: i) precisión altimétrica en la determinación de perfiles de terreno, y ii) precisión planimétrica en la determinación de perímetros y áreas. Como resultado, se obtuvo que El objetivo de este trabajo fue documentar el proceso de toma de decisión de una empresa forestal para implementar la tecnología Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) en aplicaciones para sistemas de información cartográfica y de inventario. El análisis consistió en comparar el uso de datos obtenidos con LiDAR, vs técnicas fotogramétricas y contra el uso de datos obtenidos con restitución de imágenes satelitales, bajo dos enfoques: i) precisión altimétrica en la determinación de perfiles de terreno, y ii) precisión planimétrica en la determinación de perímetros y áreas. Como resultado, se obtuvo que LiDAR mostró mayor precisión en el análisis altimétrico; no obstante, LiDAR no generó diferencias significativas, respecto al método fotogramétrico, en el análisis planimétrico. La evaluación económica de incorporar LiDAR para planificar faenas de cosecha, caminos y establecimiento de plantaciones, resultó rentable con un valor actual neto de USD 2 095 000, a una tasa de descuento de 10%.

The increasing water scarcity affects the agricultural sector, and it is a significant constraining factor for crop production in many areas of the world. Water resource management and use related to crop productivity is the most important factor in many crops. Since consumer demands healthy food, the nutritive quality and the active ingredient need to be considered within the productive issue. The objective of this study was to determine water technical efficiency related to seed yield and seed protein content and composition in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under water stress using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study was conducted in Chillan, Chile in two growing seasons. As water availability increased, seed yield, globulin, and albumin yield increased, particularly in the genotype Cahuil. The higher average efficiency levels for the DEA were 46.7% and 39.2% in Cahuil in both seasons at 20% available water (AW). The highest average efficiency of globulin yield was recorded in the same genotype (Cahuil). The highest multi-product technical efficiency levels in all input and output included in this study were observed in Cahuil, Regalona, and Morado under water scarcity in both seasons. In future studies related to crop management, DEA provides a good framework for estimating efficiency under restricted factors and multi-product results.

Fair value of standing timber in the context of IAS 41 implementation: a case study with Pinus radiata

Un análisis productivo y económico fue realizado sobre una muestra de 184 trozas de lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) obtenidas en el Predio Monte Alto, XII Región, Chile. Las trozas se destinaron a producir las calidades: selecta (S) y común (C1, C2 y C3), y maderas cortas de ancho variable. El análisis de eficiencia productiva se realizó utilizando dos fronteras de producción estocásticas (FE) tipo Cobb-Douglas y Translog. Este enfoque permite modelar funciones de producción y obtener medidas de eficiencia técnica (EFt). Los atributos de troza usados en los modelos fueron diámetro menor, largo y la productividad del proceso. La EFt promedio de las trozas fue 0,85 y 0,78 calculada con FE Cobb-Douglas y Translog, respectivamente, lo que implica que en promedio las trozas podrían reducir el uso de los insumos en 15% o 22% y alcanzar el mismo nivel de producción. Las trozas con mayor EFt (≥ 0,9) se caracterizaron por presentar un diámetro menor promedio de 33 cm en ambos modelos y por generar un valor de recuperación promedio de USD 33 m-3 (a precios de 2017) y USD 29 m-3, respectivamente. Hubo correlaciones positivas y significativas entre la eficiencia, el volumen de los productos de mayor precio y el valor residual de las trozas (r = 0,53; p ≤ 0,05).

Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) was used to account for risk when building a portfolio of Pinus radiata trees for operational plantation deployment, under hypothetical changes on volume, modulus of elasticity, resin defects and lumber prices. The study considers three groups of trees grown to produce appearance lumber, structural lumber, or both. The CVaR model selected structural trees, which had high and variable returns across a wide range of risks, especially under low aversion scenarios; however, as risk-aversion increased, the model diversified incorporating trees producing both structural and appearance grades. Similarly, trees producing solely appearance grades, characterized by having the lowest returns variability, were only incorporated in scenarios of high risk-aversion.