Mikhail V. Saramud

The article explores the principles of organizing warehouse systems based on standardized transport and storage cells. It discusses the general hardware features of transport and storage cells that enable the movement of stored goods between them. The article presents a method for constructing a warehouse graph that takes into account possible directions for transferring containers with cargo between the transport and storage cells integrated into the warehouse structure, along with their common hardware characteristics. Key criteria used in determining the edge weights of the graph are described, including the basic cost of movement for each axis, cell wear and tear, cargo weight, fragility of the cargo, distance to the nearest available cells, and repairability. Algorithms are presented, the primary task of which is to determine the sequence of container movements between warehouse cells to facilitate loading and unloading operations. Simulation modeling of a warehouse with dimensions of 5×5×5 was conducted using the proposed algorithms, both with and without considering cell wear and tear parameters. The results of the simulation highlighted the significance of this criterion, allowing for extended warehouse servicing intervals and maximizing the time until the first failure.The study also investigates the possibility of optimizing the structure of such warehouse systems to meet various requirements. As part of this investigation, the structure was optimized for a warehouse with dimensions of 4×3×3.

The paper describes selection of the processor architecture for the external control block implementation in assembler. This block is used to control the operation of the main control system and improve the reliability of the system as a whole. A scheme for the considered method implementation with an external control unit on CPU instead of FPGA is proposed. The development of software for it is realized in assembler. Analysis of the architectures’ peculiarities that are currently available on the market is carried out. They are x86 and x86-64 for CISC. ARM v8, ARM64, RISC-V, SPARC, and LEON are for RISC. The paper performs translation of decision-making algorithms in multiversion environments from the C++ language into the assembler of the necessary architectures. The size of the resulting code is analyzed. The authors made conclusions on the basis of the obtained results. It is preferable to select a CISC architecture, since it simplifies and speeds up a software development process in the case when it is required to develop a code in assembler. As for the scheme selection for the control system implementation with an external control unit, the authors prove that it is quite acceptable to apply a CPU for the external unit instead of the initially proposed FPGA.

Implementation of a digital twin on the example of a production line for the assembly of small spacecraft is considered in the article. The case of using digital twins for planning, controlling and maintaining the life cycle of production equipment presented in the article is of interest in the perspective of the active introduction of robotics into technological processes. In order to control the digital twin, proprietary software is used that provides not only visualization, but also collision control and geometry accuracy. The software platform is able to combine both several robots from different manufacturers, as well as equipment of its own production using a universal communication protocol. The use of a digital twin in a system of several robots allows one to design more versatile workplaces and assembly lines and adjust their workload depending on the range and the required quantity of manufactured products. The requirements for the functionality of the digital twin, technical aspects of implementation, including hardware and software, further possibilities for expanding the functionality and development of the proposed platform are analyzed in the article.

The state of cutting blanks from honeycomb fabric methods is associated with difficulties of rectilinear cutting of cell walls, which leads to a non-straight edge after cutting with a cutting tool. Such a form of curvilinear trajectory of the cutting tool movement is a consequence of the cutting-edge vibration in the process of moving towards cutting. In order to eliminate this effect, it is necessary to determine optimal cutting speed at which the blade and the honeycomb wall will not be in the resonance.

The problem of control of a correct laying of carbon bundle on a mandrel is considered. A mandrel in the form of a cylindrical pipe is considered in the article. Software has been developed for automated analysis of controlled parameters (distances between points). The results obtained are preliminary and can be improved by: optimizing the camera position and lighting; taking into account camera distortion parameters; formation of a development of the surface of the sharpening with bundles.

Lean manufacturing tools and technologies are becoming the de facto standard in many industries, both where manual, skilled labor predominates, and where a developed system of division of labor is implemented. Focus on process debugging becomes the main task of streamlining many factors related to reducing time for non-production activities, organizing the workplace and arrangement of tools and materials, communication and communication with other participants in the process, direct reduction of barracks through a responsible attitude to resources and materials, as well as targeted maintaining cleanliness and order in the premises. The 5S system under consideration is aimed at methodically reducing the number of accidents; increasing the level of product quality, reducing the number of defects; creating a comfortable psychological climate, stimulating the desire to work; increasing labor productivity. Formally, the methodology is focused on a number of cyclically related operations, accompanied by the following actions: separating necessary items from unnecessary items from the work area; the necessary items are contained in such a way that they can be easily used; the work area is kept clean and tidy; consolidating the cycle of actions as a new skill (standard). However, despite the simplicity of the methodology, there is one very important factor - the human factor associated with the reluctance to change anything, both in terms of organizing the workplace and the transition to new principles of doing work. And here a special role is played by the organizer of change - a person with high communication skills who is able to convince of the correctness of the approaches being used, their feasibility and economic efficiency. The undeniable advantage of the 5S methodology is the possibility of end-to-end communication, both horizontal and vertical, the opportunity to hear rational ideas from workers performing specific actions. The second significant advantage is the low cost of implementing the 5S system, since many improvements can be introduced only by revising the production activities of personnel. Инструменты и технологии бережливого производства становятся стандартом «де факто» во многих отраслях промышленности и там, где преобладает ручной, мастерский труд, и там где осуществляется развитая система разделения труда. Ориентация на отладку процесса становится главной задачей по упорядочиванию многих факторов связанных с сокращением времени на непроизводственные действия, организацией рабочего места и расположением инструментов и материалов, коммуникации и связи с другими участниками процесса, непосредственное сокращение барака путем ответственного отношения к ресурсам и материалам, а также целенаправленное поддержание чистоты и порядка в помещении. Рассматриваемая система 5S направлена на методичное снижение числа несчастных случаев; повышение уровня качества продукции, снижение количества дефектов; создание комфортного психологического климата, стимулирование желания работать; повышение производительности труда. Формально, методология ориентирована на ряд циклически связанных операций, и сопровождающихся следующими действиями: отделение нужных предметов от ненужных предметов из рабочей зоны; нужные предметы содержаться так, что их возможно легко использовать; рабочее пространство содержится в чистоте и порядке; закрепление цикла действий как нового навыка (стандарта). Однако при всей простоте методологии, существует один очень важный фактор ­– это человеческий фактор, связанный с нежеланием что-либо менять, причем как в плане организации рабочего места, так и перехода на новые принципы выполнения работы. И здесь особую роль выполняет организатор изменений – человек с навыками высокой коммуникации, способный убедить в правильности применяемых подходов, их целесообразности и экономической эффективности. Неоспоримым достоинством методологии 5S является возможность сквозной коммуникации, как горизонтальной, так и вертикальной, возможность услышать рациональные идеи от работников выполняющих конкретные действия. Вторым значимым преимуществом является низкам стоимость внедрения системы 5S, поскольку многие улучшения могут быть...

The article presents the research results aimed at improving the information reliability of the hardware- software technology for industrial and environmental monitoring. The paper considers the software implementation of the methodology based on the segmentation of the functional versions and the decision-making algorithm for a heterogeneous/multilevel multiversion system for increasing the fault tolerance of software systems. The implementation's key element of the proposed methodology is the decision-making block realized by the elements of circuit logic.