Lanu Kim

Voice phishing represents a rapidly evolving form of cyber-enabled financial fraud that exploits telecommunications networks to deceive victims. Traditional reactive policing approaches face significant limitations in preventing such crimes in real time. This study introduces a data-driven framework for the proactive detection of phone numbers linked to voice phishing operations using large-scale call log data from South Korea. Behavioral features derived from call metadata were utilized to capture distinctive communication patterns that differentiate fraudulent users from legitimate ones. A stepwise logistic regression model was initially employed to identify key predictors of fraudulent behavior, followed by advanced machine learning models-including random forest, gradient boosting, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)-for classification. The results reveal that voice phishing numbers display unique behavioral characteristics, such as concentrated weekday activity, shorter call durations, higher outgoing call ratios, and a preference for Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) usage. The proposed models achieved high performance, exceeding 95% accuracy and 97% recall, demonstrating their robustness in detecting suspicious numbers. These findings underscore the potential of integrating artificial intelligence and behavioral analytics into proactive fraud detection systems and contribute to the development of early-warning mechanisms for preventing telecommunication-based financial crimes.

Despite efforts to increase gender diversity, women remain underrepresented in STEM leadership. While work–life policies and gender attitudes are evolving, traditional explanations such as the glass ceiling and stereotype mismatch remain influential in explaining this persistence. To investigate, we conducted focus group interviews with fifteen women leaders at an engineering firm in South Korea, a country where growing expectations for women’s economic participation coexist with enduring Confucian norms. The leaders acknowledge organizational efforts to reduce discrimination and support careers alongside family, yet such efforts rarely extend to leaders, whose roles inherently require near-continuous availability, accountability for team outcomes, and frequent work–life spillover. Women who succeed often rely on strong but fragile external support systems, including family and caregivers. We characterize STEM leadership as a “greedy” role that disproportionately limits opportunities for women seeking work–life balance, making leadership itself a structural barrier. This conceptualization is important because leadership roles carry organizational responsibility and influence high-level decisions, making them uniquely problematic.

Maida Aizaz, Taegyoon Kim, Lanu Kim. Proceedings of the 9th Widening NLP Workshop. 2025.

Despite movements towards gender parity within academia, women faculty continue to be paid less than men. While previous research has explained the gap using academic rank/seniority and productivity, existing findings are limited by either their examination of base pay or reliance on self-reported data. Here we extend the analysis beyond base pay, link faculty salary records of one public university system in the U.S. to the OpenAlex bibliometric database, and separately analyze the gender pay gap in the base (grade) and other pay (off-grade). Using stepwise regression models, we find that faculty rank accounts for a significant gap in the base pay while performance-based variables such as H-index or specialization do not play a crucial role. For other pay, no variables stand out in explaining the substantial pay gap between women and men faculty. Our results suggest that a primary source of the remaining gender pay gap is the off-grade pay. Different policy approaches are required to reduce the gender pay gap depending on the specific type of salary being targeted.

Background: There are well-recognized challenges to delivering specialty health care in rural settings. These challenges are particularly evident for specialized surgical health care due to the lack of trained operators in rural communities. Telerobotic surgery could have a significant impact on the rural–urban health care gap, but thus far, the promise of this method of health care delivery has gone unrealized. With the increasing adoption of telehealth over the past year, along with the maturation of telecommunication and robotic technologies over the past 2 decades, a reappraisal of the opportunities and barriers to widespread implementation of telerobotic surgery is warranted. Here we report the outcome of a rural telerobotic stakeholder workshop to explore modern-day issues critical to the advancement of telerobotic surgical health care. Materials and Methods: We assembled a multidisciplinary stakeholder panel to participate in a 2-day Rural Telerobotic Surgery Stakeholder Workshop. Participants had diverse expertise, including specialty surgeons, technology experts, and representatives of the broader telerobotic health care ecosystem, including economists, lawyers, regulatory consultants, public health advocates, rural hospital administrators, nurses, and payers. The research team reviewed transcripts from the workshop with themes identified and research questions generated based on stakeholder comments and feedback. Results: Stakeholder discussions fell into four general themes, including (1) operating room team interactions, (2) education and training, (3) network and security, and (4) economic issues. The research team then identified several research questions within each of these themes and provided specific research strategies to address these questions. Conclusions: There are still important unanswered questions regarding the implementation and adoption of rural telerobotic surgery. Based on stakeholder feedback, we have developed a research agenda along with suggested strategies to address outstanding research questions. The successful execution of these research opportunities will fill critical gaps in our understanding of how to advance the widespread adoption of rural telerobotic health care.

This article investigates whether the development of information and communication technology (ICT) contributes to the dispersion of wealthy and talented people and helps prevent the concentration of wealth in only a few cities. In between some authors’ positive speculation on the role of ICT in reducing the necessity of physical distance and others’ emphasis on the vital role of offline interaction, the current research takes a broader view and investigates whether the technology impacts the concentration of jobs across the U.S. cities in the years 2006 and 2016. Using data from Occupational Employment Statistics surveys and the Occupational Information Network, I measure the significance of location for occupations by exploring geographical concentration and the interdependence of occupation dyads. The results show there is no evidence to support the assertion that ICT skills required for occupation were negatively associated with the geographical dispersion of the occupation in the study period. Instead, the research indicates that occupational ICT strengthened the geographical interdependence of occupations. The finds show that, in particular, jobs requiring higher ICT skills continued to be bounded to locations between 2006 and 2016. Overall, the results show there is no evidence for the claim that ICT is associated with the dispersion of geographical locations of occupations. The results suggest that rising communication technology will not necessarily diminish the concentration of good jobs or wealth inequality between cities.

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (1998–2014), this study examines how various indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) (i.e. education, employment status, occupation, and earnings) are associated with the transition to first marriage for South Korean men and women. Results from discrete-time event-history analysis show that all SES indicators are strongly associated with the timing of marriage for men and that there is a clear SES gradient for men's marriage entry. In addition, women with high SES (regular, white-collar jobs, and the highest earnings) are more likely to get married than those with lower SES. We also find that securing a regular job is a significant factor for marriage formation regardless of gender. These results indicate that among those with high SES in South Korea, the economic foundations of marriage appear to be characterised by the cooperation model.