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- 15 September 2026
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
A Tabletop Method for Generating Hypervelocity Micron-Scale Particles
by Liming Wang, Xin Zhang, Xingquan Liu, Weiping Lin, Guofeng Qu, Jifeng Han
Hypervelocity micron-scale particles constitute an important fraction of space dust populations and are of particular interest in space technology research, yet theirgeneration under laboratory conditions remains challenging. Here, we develop atabletop laser-driven microparticle acceleration method based on a dual-functionmicroparticle target and a joule-level pulsed laser. The particle velocities are measuredusing a photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based time-of-flight method. The measurementsdemonstrate that 1 μm-diameter tungsten particles can be accelerated to velocities ofup to 7.1 km s-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration oftabletop access to the hypervelocity regime for micron-scale particles. A physicalmodel is proposed to describe the acceleration process, and the dependence ofmicroparticle beam duration on target coating thickness is consistent with the modelprediction. This work provides a practical tabletop method for generating hypervelocitymicron-scale particles, supporting laboratory-scale simulations of hypervelocity dustimpacts for spacecraft materials research.
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- 15 September 2026
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
Open Access
A Tabletop Method for Generating Hypervelocity Micron-Scale Particles
by Liming Wang, Xin Zhang, Xingquan Liu, Weiping Lin, Guofeng Qu, Jifeng Han
Hypervelocity micron-scale particles constitute an important fraction of space dust populations and are of particular interest in space technology research, yet theirgeneration under laboratory conditions remains challenging. Here, we develop atabletop laser-driven microparticle acceleration method based on a dual-functionmicroparticle target and a joule-level pulsed laser. The particle velocities are measuredusing a photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based time-of-flight method. The measurementsdemonstrate that 1 μm-diameter tungsten particles can be accelerated to velocities ofup to 7.1 km s-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration oftabletop access to the hypervelocity regime for micron-scale particles. A physicalmodel is proposed to describe the acceleration process, and the dependence ofmicroparticle beam duration on target coating thickness is consistent with the modelprediction. This work provides a practical tabletop method for generating hypervelocitymicron-scale particles, supporting laboratory-scale simulations of hypervelocity dustimpacts for spacecraft materials research.
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- 4 September 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
Best Reaction Target to Determine Proton Distribution Radii of Atomic Nuclei
by Jun-Yao Xu, Bao-Hua Sun, Isao Tanihata, Satoru Terashima, Jian-Wei Zhao, Ji-Chao Zhang, Ge Guo, Shi-Tao Wang, Lei Shen, Jun Su, et al.
We found that a heavy target such as Pb is most suitable for determining the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei through charge-changing cross-section (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$) measurements. Experimentally, low-$Z$ targets are routinely used to determine nucleon distribution radii of unstable isotopes. This approach has recently been extended to study proton distribution radii from ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements. However, empirical scaling factors have to be introduced to apply the Glauber models. In the present Letter, we systematically investigated the scaling factor using 39 new ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ data of $18\text{ }\text{ }p$-shell nuclei on hydrogen, carbon, silver, and lead targets at around $240\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$. Together with the existing data, we reveal a universal dependence of the scaling factor on both the masses of target nuclei and the separation energies of projectile nuclei. The scaling factors decrease with increasing target-nucleus mass and converge to 1 for the highest-$Z$ target, making the scaling unnecessary. We conclude that instead of a low-$Z$ target, employing a heavy target such as Pb in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements is the best option to determine the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei.
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- 4 September 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
Best Reaction Target to Determine Proton Distribution Radii of Atomic Nuclei
by Jun-Yao Xu, Bao-Hua Sun, Isao Tanihata, Satoru Terashima, Jian-Wei Zhao, Ji-Chao Zhang, Ge Guo, Shi-Tao Wang, Lei Shen, Jun Su, et al.
We found that a heavy target such as Pb is most suitable for determining the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei through charge-changing cross-section (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$) measurements. Experimentally, low-$Z$ targets are routinely used to determine nucleon distribution radii of unstable isotopes. This approach has recently been extended to study proton distribution radii from ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements. However, empirical scaling factors have to be introduced to apply the Glauber models. In the present Letter, we systematically investigated the scaling factor using 39 new ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ data of $18\text{ }\text{ }p$-shell nuclei on hydrogen, carbon, silver, and lead targets at around $240\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$. Together with the existing data, we reveal a universal dependence of the scaling factor on both the masses of target nuclei and the separation energies of projectile nuclei. The scaling factors decrease with increasing target-nucleus mass and converge to 1 for the highest-$Z$ target, making the scaling unnecessary. We conclude that instead of a low-$Z$ target, employing a heavy target such as Pb in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements is the best option to determine the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei.
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- 24 July 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Nuclear Science and Techniques
A long $^{3}$He proportional counter array for studying $\upbeta$-delayed neutron emission probability at BRIF
by Qiang Wang, You-Bao Wang, Yu-Qiang Zhang, Ming-Hao Zhu, Jin-Long Ma, Jun-Wen Tian, Dong-Lin Xie, Hong-Wei Huang, Wei-Ping Lin, De-Hao Xie, et al.
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- 24 July 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Nuclear Science and Techniques
A long $^{3}$He proportional counter array for studying $\upbeta$-delayed neutron emission probability at BRIF
by Qiang Wang, You-Bao Wang, Yu-Qiang Zhang, Ming-Hao Zhu, Jin-Long Ma, Jun-Wen Tian, Dong-Lin Xie, Hong-Wei Huang, Wei-Ping Lin, De-Hao Xie, et al.
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- 6 February 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review C
Caloric curve and mechanism for emission of light charged particles in Xe + Sn collisions at 50 MeV/u
by J. Tan, G. Tian, W. Lin, R. Wada, X. Liu, H. Zheng, Y. Chen, A. Chbihi
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- 6 February 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review C
Caloric curve and mechanism for emission of light charged particles in Xe + Sn collisions at 50 MeV/u
by J. Tan, G. Tian, W. Lin, R. Wada, X. Liu, H. Zheng, Y. Chen, A. Chbihi
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Cited by 1
- 30 January 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review C
Low-background measurement of the half-life of Ge 71 decay
by J. H. Cai, W. P. Lin, B. Gao, Z. An, F. Bai, Y. H. Fan, Y. X. Fan, J. F. Han, T. Y. Jiao, G. Liu, et al.
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- 30 January 2026
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review C
Low-background measurement of the half-life of Ge 71 decay
by J. H. Cai, W. P. Lin, B. Gao, Z. An, F. Bai, Y. H. Fan, Y. X. Fan, J. F. Han, T. Y. Jiao, G. Liu, et al.
Cited by 1
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Cited by 3
- 2 December 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
Enhanced S -Factor for the N 14 ( p , γ ) 15 O Reaction and Its Impact on the Solar Composition Problem
by X. Chen, J. Su, Y. P. Shen, L. Y. Zhang, J. J. He, S. Z. Chen, S. Wang, Z. L. Shen, S. Lin, L. Y. Song, et al.
The solar composition problem has puzzled astrophysicists for more than 20 years. Recent measurements of carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) neutrinos by the Borexino experiment show a ∼2σ tension with the "low-metallicity" determinations. ^{14}N(p,γ)^{15}O, the slowest reaction in the CNO cycle, plays a crucial role in the standard solar model (SSM) calculations of CNO neutrino fluxes. Here we report a direct measurement of the ^{14}N(p,γ)^{15}O reaction, in which S-factors for all transitions were simultaneously determined in the energy range of E_{p}=110-260 keV for the first time. Our results resolve previous discrepancies in the ground-state transition, yielding a zero-energy S-factor S_{114}(0)=1.93±0.10 keV b, which is 15% higher than the 1.68±0.14 keV b recommended in Solar Fusion III (SF-III). With our S_{114} values, the SSM B23-MB22p, and the latest global analysis of solar neutrino measurements, the C and N photospheric abundance determined by the Borexino experiment is updated to N_{CN}=(4.42_{-0.63}^{+0.70})×10^{-4}. This new N_{CN} value agrees well with latest "high-metallicity" composition; however, it is also consistent with the "low-metallicity" determination within ∼1σ CL, indicating that the solar metallicity problem remains an open question. In addition, the significant reduction in the uncertainty of S_{114} paves the way for the precise determination of the CN abundance in future large-volume solar neutrino measurements.
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- 2 December 2025
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
Enhanced S -Factor for the N 14 ( p , γ ) 15 O Reaction and Its Impact on the Solar Composition Problem
by X. Chen, J. Su, Y. P. Shen, L. Y. Zhang, J. J. He, S. Z. Chen, S. Wang, Z. L. Shen, S. Lin, L. Y. Song, et al.
The solar composition problem has puzzled astrophysicists for more than 20 years. Recent measurements of carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) neutrinos by the Borexino experiment show a ∼2σ tension with the "low-metallicity" determinations. ^{14}N(p,γ)^{15}O, the slowest reaction in the CNO cycle, plays a crucial role in the standard solar model (SSM) calculations of CNO neutrino fluxes. Here we report a direct measurement of the ^{14}N(p,γ)^{15}O reaction, in which S-factors for all transitions were simultaneously determined in the energy range of E_{p}=110-260 keV for the first time. Our results resolve previous discrepancies in the ground-state transition, yielding a zero-energy S-factor S_{114}(0)=1.93±0.10 keV b, which is 15% higher than the 1.68±0.14 keV b recommended in Solar Fusion III (SF-III). With our S_{114} values, the SSM B23-MB22p, and the latest global analysis of solar neutrino measurements, the C and N photospheric abundance determined by the Borexino experiment is updated to N_{CN}=(4.42_{-0.63}^{+0.70})×10^{-4}. This new N_{CN} value agrees well with latest "high-metallicity" composition; however, it is also consistent with the "low-metallicity" determination within ∼1σ CL, indicating that the solar metallicity problem remains an open question. In addition, the significant reduction in the uncertainty of S_{114} paves the way for the precise determination of the CN abundance in future large-volume solar neutrino measurements.
Cited by 3
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- 22 November 2025
- Published by Elsevier in Physics Letters B
Probing symmetry energy slope with mirror nuclei: unmeasured charge radii of proton-rich nuclei from binding energies
by X. Liu, W. Chen, H. He, H. Zheng, X. Xu, W. Lin, J. Han, G. Qu, P. Ren, X. Zhang
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- 22 November 2025
- Published by Elsevier in Physics Letters B
Open Access
Probing symmetry energy slope with mirror nuclei: unmeasured charge radii of proton-rich nuclei from binding energies
by X. Liu, W. Chen, H. He, H. Zheng, X. Xu, W. Lin, J. Han, G. Qu, P. Ren, X. Zhang
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- 24 September 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in The European Physical Journal C
Erratum: Correlations between maximum mass of neutron stars and the nuclear matter properties and the constraints from PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814
by M. Zhou, H. M. Liu, H. Zheng, X. Q. Liu, W. P. Lin, Z. H. Li, A. Bonasera
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- 24 September 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in The European Physical Journal C
Open Access
Erratum: Correlations between maximum mass of neutron stars and the nuclear matter properties and the constraints from PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814
by M. Zhou, H. M. Liu, H. Zheng, X. Q. Liu, W. P. Lin, Z. H. Li, A. Bonasera
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Cited by 3
- 30 August 2025
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Terminal voltage calibration of a 3 MV Tandetron accelerator at Sichuan University, China
by D.H. Xie, Y. Tang, T.Y. Jiao, Z. An, F. Bai, X. Fang, Y.H. Fan, Y.X. Fan, B.S. Gao, J.F. Han, et al.
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- 30 August 2025
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Terminal voltage calibration of a 3 MV Tandetron accelerator at Sichuan University, China
by D.H. Xie, Y. Tang, T.Y. Jiao, Z. An, F. Bai, X. Fang, Y.H. Fan, Y.X. Fan, B.S. Gao, J.F. Han, et al.
Cited by 3
Open Access
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- 31 July 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in The European Physical Journal C
Correlations between maximum mass of neutron stars and the nuclear matter properties and the constraints from PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814
by M. Zhou, H. M. Liu, H. Zheng, X. Q. Liu, W. P. Lin, Z. H. Li, A. Bonasera
The correlations between the maximum mass of neutron stars (NSs) with the properties of nuclear matter at saturation density $$\rho _0$$ $ρ_{0}$ , i.e., the incompressibility $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ , the symmetry energy $$E_{{\textrm{sym}}}(\rho _0$$ $E_{sym} (ρ_{0}$ ), and its slope $$L(\rho _0)$$ $L (ρ_{0})$ , the isoscalar effective mass $$m^*_{s0}$$ $m_{s 0}^{*}$ , and the parameter $$f_I$$ $f_{I}$ , have been investigated using several sets of Skyrme interactions based on the momentum-dependent (MD) Skyrme interactions SAMi-J27 (soft), SAMi-J31 (stiff), and SAMi-J35 (super-stiff), as well as the momentum-independent (MI) Skyrme interaction SkT5. Only one physical quantity is varied at a time for a given set of Skyrme interactions. It is found that the maximum mass of NSs has (1) a strong positive linear correlation with $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ for stiff and super-stiff equation of state (EOS) and no correlation with $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ for soft EOS; (2) a negative logarithm correlation with the symmetry energy $$E_{{\textrm{sym}}}(\rho _0$$ $E_{sym} (ρ_{0}$ ) for all the EOSs; (3) a positive logarithm correlation with the slope $$L(\rho _0)$$ $L (ρ_{0})$ for all the EOSs; (4) a positive logarithm correlation with the parameter $$f_I$$ $f_{I}$ for MD EOS; (5) a negative power-law correlation with $$m_{s0}^*$$ $m_{s 0}^{*}$ for MD EOS. Based on these established correlations, the constraints to the nuclear matter properties from the mass of PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814 are investigated. Furthermore, we find that while rotation enhances the maximum mass of NSs, it does not effect the underlying correlations between the maximum mass and the aforementioned nuclear matter parameters.
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- 31 July 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in The European Physical Journal C
Open Access
Correlations between maximum mass of neutron stars and the nuclear matter properties and the constraints from PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814
by M. Zhou, H. M. Liu, H. Zheng, X. Q. Liu, W. P. Lin, Z. H. Li, A. Bonasera
The correlations between the maximum mass of neutron stars (NSs) with the properties of nuclear matter at saturation density $$\rho _0$$ $ρ_{0}$ , i.e., the incompressibility $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ , the symmetry energy $$E_{{\textrm{sym}}}(\rho _0$$ $E_{sym} (ρ_{0}$ ), and its slope $$L(\rho _0)$$ $L (ρ_{0})$ , the isoscalar effective mass $$m^*_{s0}$$ $m_{s 0}^{*}$ , and the parameter $$f_I$$ $f_{I}$ , have been investigated using several sets of Skyrme interactions based on the momentum-dependent (MD) Skyrme interactions SAMi-J27 (soft), SAMi-J31 (stiff), and SAMi-J35 (super-stiff), as well as the momentum-independent (MI) Skyrme interaction SkT5. Only one physical quantity is varied at a time for a given set of Skyrme interactions. It is found that the maximum mass of NSs has (1) a strong positive linear correlation with $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ for stiff and super-stiff equation of state (EOS) and no correlation with $$K_0$$ $K_{0}$ for soft EOS; (2) a negative logarithm correlation with the symmetry energy $$E_{{\textrm{sym}}}(\rho _0$$ $E_{sym} (ρ_{0}$ ) for all the EOSs; (3) a positive logarithm correlation with the slope $$L(\rho _0)$$ $L (ρ_{0})$ for all the EOSs; (4) a positive logarithm correlation with the parameter $$f_I$$ $f_{I}$ for MD EOS; (5) a negative power-law correlation with $$m_{s0}^*$$ $m_{s 0}^{*}$ for MD EOS. Based on these established correlations, the constraints to the nuclear matter properties from the mass of PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814 are investigated. Furthermore, we find that while rotation enhances the maximum mass of NSs, it does not effect the underlying correlations between the maximum mass and the aforementioned nuclear matter parameters.

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