Averyanov

Objective. To analyze morphological and functional transformations of the mucous membrane and bone structures of the maxillary sinus during subantral augmentation using β-tricalcium phosphate. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 14 sheep (control and experimental groups of 7 animals each). All animals, kept under standard conditions with their usual diet, underwent subantral augmentation using an open technique according to the author's method (patent RU 2729651). In the experimental group, β-tricalcium phosphate granules were applied to the mucosa; in the control group, the defect was left to fill with a blood clot. Follow-up biopsies were performed under general anesthesia at 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery. The evaluation included a qualitative analysis of changes in the epithelium, lamina propria of the Schneiderian membrane, bone plate, and periosteum. Results. The results demonstrate a biphasic response: initial necrosis and inflammation, followed by reparative processes such as epithelial metaplasia, lamina propria fibrosis, bioresorption of the material, and the formation of reticulofibrous bone tissue. In the experimental group, ramolithic cysts (bone cysts resulting from tissue necrosis) with osteogenesis were observed, confirming the osteoinductive properties of β-tricalcium phosphate. These changes highlight the importance of monitoring tissue responses to optimize implant procedures in the maxilla. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that subantral augmentation using a bioresorbable composite material based on β-tricalcium phosphate induces a complex tissue response, including initial necrosis and inflammation of the mucosa and bone, followed by bioresorption and osseointegration.

This study is devoted to the assessment of the regenerative potential of bone tissue in the peri-implant defect zone using bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen. The aim of the study is to determine the presence, localization and activity of pluripotent cells in the peri-implant defect zone to assess the effect of bone substitutes on the mobilization and proliferation of cells responsible for bone regeneration. As part of the experiment on sheep, peri-implantitis was modeled with the creation of a defect around the dental implant (DI) with its subsequent filling with bone substitutes based on β-tricalcium phosphate (the first main group) and bone collagen (the second main group). In the control group, the peri-implant defect was maintained under a blood clot. After two months, histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed, active proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent cells, pronounced expression of CD34 ⁺ , NSE ⁺ , EMA ⁺ and Ki-67 ⁺ markers were revealed. The results show that both bone-substituting materials are osteoinductive, biocompatible and promote the activation of cellular sources for bone tissue regeneration, and also have a positive effect on neoangiogenesis processes and the formation of reticulofibrous bone tissue. These data confirm the potential of using β-tricalcium phosphate and bone collagen in clinical practice for the restoration of bone defects in peri-implantitis.

The article presents a study of the effectiveness of resonance frequency analysis (Osstell ISQ) for assessing the stability of dental implants in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study involved 132 patients divided into three groups: intact (without peri-implantitis), control (bone defect management under a blood clot) and two main groups using bone substitutes - β-tricalcium phosphate granules and bone collagen blocks. The results of the study showed that in the first months after treatment, there is a decrease in implant stability, followed by a significant increase by the 12th month of observation. Patients receiving bone substitutes demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in ISQ indicators compared to the control. At the same time, the effectiveness of the two types of bone substitutes was comparable. The study confirms the value of the Osstell ISQ method as an objective and non-invasive tool for monitoring osseointegration and choosing the optimal time for the orthopedic stage of treatment. The obtained data contribute to the improvement of clinical practice in implantology and emphasize the importance of using bone substitutes in the treatment of peri-implantitis.

Introduction. The use of synthetic drugs is associated with a number of side effects. When choosing a therapy to correct symptoms and treat dental diseases such as stomatitis, periodontitis, gingivitis, cheilitis, it is preferable to use herbal medicines in combination with traditional therapy, which would improve the resistance of periodontal tissues to pathogenic microorganisms. Herbal preparations are highly effective and well tolerated, which allows them to be used in modern medicine.Aim. To develop a medicinal collection with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects.Materials and methods. The following substances and reagents were used as research materials: Achilleae millefolii herba, Bidentis tripartitaе herba, Alni fructus, Anisi vulgaris fructus in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 : 1, diclofenac sodium, ascorbic acid, phosphate buffer, sodium citrate, luminol, iron (II) sulfate, heparinized blood, zymosan, saline solution, 2 % formalin solution, 10 % neutral formalin solution, hematoxylin, eosin. Antimicrobial activity was studied by comparing growth retardation of pathogenic microorganisms, antioxidant activity was studied on a chemoluminometer HLM-003 (Russia), hematological tests on mice were carried out using the ImageJ software package, Sysmex KX-21N (Sysmex, Japan), Leica RM 2145 microscope (Leica Biosystems Nussloch GmbH, Germany), binocular microscope Leica CME (Leica Biosystems Nussloch GmbH, Germany).Results and discussion. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing and antimicrobial activities of the plant herbal mixture was carried out. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the herbal mixture has moderate antioxidant, wound healing and pronounced anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the comparison drug.Conclusion. A herbal mixture has been developed that has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and regenerating effects.

BACKGROUND: The high sensitivity of the liver to chemicals is due to its leading role in their metabolism. During the biotransformation of ecotoxicants, highly reactive intermediate products may be formed and free radical oxidation may be initiated, which may result in liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on outbred white rats weighing 180250 g. A total of 50 animals were involved in the experiment. All animals were divided into 5 groups: control and 4 experimental ones. All rats in the experimental groups were subjected to inhalation exposure to gasoline and formaldehyde vapors. In the 1st (control) group only poisoning with ecotoxicants was used, in the 2nd group peptinsorbent (apple pectin) was used against the background of poisoning with ecotoxicants, in the 3rd group a membrane protector lemongrass, in the 4th group a beets, in the 5th experimental group peptinsorbent, membrane protector and beets. We examined pieces of liver and rats that were subjected to histological processing. Using a LEICA RM 2145 rotary microtome (Leica Microsystems, Germany), histological sections with a thickness of 58 m were prepared. Stained sections were examined and photographed using an Axio Imager Z1 light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). RESULTS: The liver structure of rat pups born from female rats exposed to subchronic gasoline and formaldehyde poisoning throughout pregnancy has pronounced pathomorphological signs characteristic of hepatosis, turning into toxic hepatitis. The use of lemongrass, peptinsorbent and beets separately, along with intoxication of pregnant rats, somewhat reduced the degree of pathomorphological changes in the liver of born rat pups, but not dramatically. When using a combined mixture (apple pectin + membrane protector lemongrass + beets), the liver structure of the rat pups subsequently born was preserved relatively better than in the control group, with the exception of certain areas of the liver in which hemostasis and moderately pronounced dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The combined mixture (apple pectin + membrane protector lemongrass + beets) has a more pronounced hepatoprotective effect compared to the separate use of each of its constituent substances and is effective as a hepatoprotective agent for liver damage from ecotoxicants.

THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL ANOMALIES IN YOUNG POPULATIONS AND THE NEED FOR THEIR TREATMENT - Archiv-EuroMedica

Relevance. Unreasonably high pollutant emissions into the environment, the ill-considered use of natural resources and the raw material orientation of exports have led to an environmental crisis in many areas.Purpose. To study the effect of ecotoxicants on the histochemical structure of tooth and jaw germs in laboratory rats and ways to reduce this effect during perinatal prevention.Materials and methods. The experiment included 50 white outbred rats weighing 180-250 grams. All animals formed five groups: 1 control and four experimental. All animals of the experimental groups were subject to gasoline and formaldehyde vapours inhalation exposure; Group 1 (control) was subject to only poisoning with ecotoxicants, Group 2 had peptinsorbent associated with ecotoxicant poisoning, Group 3 – a membrane protector – magnolia vine, Group 4 – beet, Group 5 – peptinsorbent, membrane protector and beet.Results. The histochemical study of tissues around the tooth germs in pup rats born from the control group rats after poisoning with ecotoxicants revealed an increased mast cell number in the tissues compared to intact rats. The samples of Group 2 rats showed that the mast cell number and characteristics practically did not differ from the control group after ecotoxicant poisoning. In the rats of Group 3, the number of mast cells was slightly lower than in the control group. In Group 4, the number of mast cells was not significantly lower than in the control group. In the rats of Group 5, the number of mast cells significantly decreased compared to the control and other experimental groups.Conclusion. Thus, during subchronic poisoning of pregnant female rats with ecotoxicants, the number of mast cells in the gingiva of rat pups increases against the background of microcirculation disorders. The number of mast cells in gingiva significantly decreases and approaches the normal values in rat pups after feeding pregnant rats with the combined mixture (peptinsorbent+membrane protector Schisandra+beetroot).

In-depth interviews were conducted with 83 residents of the dental profile of graduates of medical universities in Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and Ufa. As a result of studying the opinions of graduates of medical universities, certain difficulties were identified in the prospective development of professional growth and the passing the accreditation procedure. The dissatisfaction of the respondents was associated with the imperfection of the system of training and motivation of graduates to improve their professional skills and competencies. In this regard, measures are needed to improve the quality of training of medical personnel, as well as ways to improve and increase the availability of quality medical education.

In-depth interviews were conducted with 83 residents of the dental profile of graduates of medical universities in Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and Ufa. As a result of studying the opinions of graduates of medical universities, certain difficulties were identified in the prospective development of professional growth and the passing the accreditation procedure. The dissatisfaction of the respondents was associated with the imperfection of the system of training and motivation of graduates to improve their professional skills and competencies. In this regard, measures are needed to improve the quality of training of medical personnel, as well as ways to improve and increase the availability of quality medical education.

To assess dental health for quality of life, special dental tests are used that are designed to measure the frequency, degree of influence of dental problems on functional and socio-psychological well-being. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of dental defects and concomitant periodontitis on the quality of life. A study of the quality of life of 65 patients was conducted. A survey conducted among patients with dental defects and concomitant periodontitis revealed a significant deterioration in the quality of life before treatment, compared with the same individuals after treatment.