Lu Li

The application of phenolic resin (PF) is limited by its brittleness and poor toughness, making modification with flexible acrylic resin an important strategy. In this study, an acrylic resin was designed and synthesized via solution polymerization, then introduced into PF through reactive blending. The effect of acrylic resin content on material structure and properties was systematically investigated. Results show that the acrylic resin was successfully incorporated into the PF matrix. Hydrogen bonding enhanced the interfacial compatibility, and the combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical‐property results suggest the presence of an interpenetrating‐network‐like structure under appropriate conditions. With increasing acrylic resin content, system viscosity increased, pH decreased from 7.8 to 6.5, and water contact angle increased from 63° to 95.73°, indicating a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface, while the material remained amorphous. Optimal fracture strength and elongation at break reached 48.32 MPa and 29.36%, improvements of 182.6% and 236.3% over neat PF. The fracture surface showed a uniform microporous and bicontinuous phase structure, with failure evolving from brittle to ductile fracture. Meanwhile, the modified materials retained excellent thermal resistance without affecting the curing behavior. By harnessing the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding and the interpenetrating‐network‐like structure, this modification successfully achieved simultaneous enhancement of strength and toughness in phenolic resin, offering a new perspective to overcome its inherent brittleness and broaden its applications.

Conventional phase-transition ionic conductors (PTICs) based on ionic liquids (ILs) suffer from a fixed resistance-switching temperature (T_RS), intrinsically limited by the immutable melting point of ILs, which restricts their applications in scenarios requiring specific thermal triggers. Herein, we propose a general hierarchical strategy to achieve continuous and precise regulation of T_RS. This is accomplished by leveraging the well-defined relationship between the melting temperature (T_m) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its molecular weight (M_n) for coarse adjustment, followed by fine-tuning via blending with lower-M_n PEG or incorporating a plasticizer, succinonitrile (SN). The resulting PEG/PDES-Li-based PTICs enable wide-range tuning of T_m and T_RS from 37 to 59 °C with a precision of ∼1 °C. The optimized conductor (PTIC-4) demonstrates an ultrahigh negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −7.64% °C⁻¹ within 30–40 °C, allowing for the detection of subtle temperature variations. Moreover, the material undergoes a reversible transparent-to-opaque transition at T_RS, facilitating intuitive visual thermometry. Beyond temperature sensing, the conductor also functions as a high-performance strain sensor for monitoring human joint motions and even Morse code communication. This work establishes a versatile platform and a general design principle for the development of intelligent wearable devices, medical monitoring systems, and human–computer interaction interfaces.

The conductivity of the Cd–Al catalyst modified with chlorine promotes the eCO₂RR to produce a wide range of syngas.

The modified Zn²⁺ solvation structure and generated SEI by carrageenan facilitate uniform Zn deposition oriented along the (002) plane.

This review discusses the progress of research on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and its composite membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). SPEEK is a promising material for replacing traditional perfluorosulfonic acid membranes due to its excellent thermal stability, mechanical property, and tunable proton conductivity. By adjusting the degree of sulfonation (DS) of SPEEK, the hydrophilicity and proton conductivity of the membrane can be controlled, while also balancing its mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Researchers have developed various composite membranes by combining SPEEK with a range of organic and inorganic materials, such as polybenzimidazole (PBI), fluoropolymers, and silica, to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability of the membranes, while reducing fuel permeability and improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. Despite the significant potential of SPEEK and its composite membranes in PEMFCs, there are still challenges and room for improvement, including proton conductivity, chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact assessments.

Polyurethanes (PU) have drawn great attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and self-healing and recyclable abilities. Lignin is a natural and renewable raw material in nature, composed of a large number of hydroxyl groups, and has a great potential to replace petroleum polyols in PU synthesis. This review summarizes the recent advances in modification methods such as the liquefaction, alkylation, and demethylation of lignin, and a systematic analysis of how to improve the reactivity and monomer substitution of lignin during polyurethane synthesis for the green manufacturing of high-performance polyurethanes was conducted. Polyurethane can be used in the form of films, foams, and elastomers instead of conventional materials as a dielectric or substrate material to improve the reliability and durability of flexible sensors; this review summarizes the green synthesis of polyurethanes and their applications in flexible electronics, which are expected to provide inspiration for the wearable electronics sector.