Ravi Bolagam

In this paper, we report the successful synthesis of cobalt ruthenium sulfides by a facile hydrothermal method. The structural aspects of the as-prepared cobalt ruthenium sulfides were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. All the prepared materials exhibited nanocrystal morphology. The electrochemical performance of the ternary metal sulfides was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Noticeably, the optimized ternary metal sulfide electrode exhibited good specific capacitances of 95 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹ and 75 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, excellent rate capability (48 F g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹), and superior cycling stability (81% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles). Moreover, this electrode demonstrated energy densities of 10.5 and 6.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at power densities of 600 and 3001.5 W kg⁻¹, respectively. These attractive properties endow proposed electrodes with significant potential for high-performance energy storage devices.

Mixed metal oxide composites of TiO ₂ ‐SnO ₂ were prepared by varying the quantities of SnCl ₂ .2H ₂ O by the impregnation method to TiO ₂ . Aniline monomer was polymerized in the suspension of TiO ₂ ‐SnO ₂ to form organic‐inorganic composite materials, in which metal oxide particles were embedded within polyaniline (PANI‐SA). Formation of the composite was confirmed from FT‐IR, XRD and EDAX analyses and morphological image was found from FE‐SEM. The electrochemical properties were investigated using CV, CD and EIS analyses. PANI‐SA•TiO ₂ ‐SnO ₂ showed higher electrochemical performances than that of PANI‐SA•TiO ₂ or PANI‐SA•SnO ₂ , which areattributed from (i) higher electron transfer rate due to reduction in band gap and (ii) more space between the nano rods, which allow the electrolyte to interact more surface of the electrode. The best PANI‐SA•TiO ₂ ‐SnO ₂ material exhibited a specific capacitance of 540 F g ⁻¹ with an energy density of 27 Wh kg ⁻¹ at a power density of 200 W kg ⁻¹ . Retention in capacitance of 85 % was obtained even at 6000 cycles and this organic‐inorganic composite fulfilled the requirement of long durability necessary for an energy storage system.

In this work, to increase the specific capacitance and energy density of reduced graphene oxide–silica composite (RGO-SiO₂), pseudocapacitive behaviour of polyaniline is introduced to RGO-SiO₂(PANI-RGO-SiO₂) and further improved by sulfonating the polyaniline system (SPANI-RGO-SiO₂). Formation of SPANI-RGO-SiO₂ is confirmed from IR and XRD analyses. SPANI-RGO-SiO₂ shows nanorods morphology with less crystalline nature. The specific capacitance of RGO-SiO₂ is increases from 24 to 780 F g⁻¹ with sulfonation of polyaniline in RGO-SiO₂. Retention in the specific capacitance value of SPANI-RGO-SiO₂ is 85% with that of its original value of 780 F g⁻¹ with coulombic efficiency (96–99%). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A novel, efficient, and easily synthesizable catalyst, an emeraldine form of polyaniline (PANI)−1‐hydroxyethane 1,1‐diphosphonic acid salt (HEDP), was successfully synthesized and demonstrated as a reusable polymer‐based solid acid catalyst in the synthesis of N‐benzylidine‐2‐phenyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with 2‐aminopyridine with aromatic aldehydes and trimethyl silylcyanide at room temperature. PANI–HEDP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and conductivity measurements. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2995–3000, 2013