Arnaud Waquet

La Première Guerre mondiale est une période de développement sportif intense qui marque une rupture dans l’histoire culturelle et sportive de la France. La rencontre sur le front Ouest des soldats alliés, porteurs d’une culture sportive moderne, avec la population civile et militaire française, majoritairement éduquée par les méthodes de gymnastique conscriptive, provoque en effet une acculturation sportive qui participe à la modernisation du modèle culturel et sportif français. A travers l’étude du football et à l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse anthropo-historique, l’objet de notre travail doctoral est d’étudier l’impact de l’interpénétration de groupes de cultures différentes dans la transformation du « sport en guerre ». A la suite d’un état des lieux du mouvement sportif français avant-contact, sept études rendent compte du résultats des contacts primaires, symboliques et de l’en-groupe sur l’acculturation sportive des français, à savoir : a) l’analyse de la construction d’un creuset interculturel et sportif dans la France en guerre, b) de la diffusion du football chez les Poilus, c) du développement du football dans les villes de garnisons britanniques, d) de la légitimation et de la médiatisation du football en guerre, e) du renforcement de la dimension internationale du football, f) de la construction de la masculinité sportive en guerre et g) de la ruralisation du football dans la zone des armées. Les résultats ont été obtenus par la consultation de sources très diverses. Les archives militaires britanniques et françaises, complétées par plusieurs carnets personnels de soldats et des historiques régimentaires, constituent le socle de notre étude. Toutefois, suivant le cadre théorique emprunté et pour obtenir des informations plus précises sur le football en guerre, nous avons aussi procédé à la consultation de la presse sportive nationale, de la presse locale de la zone des armées et de la presse de tranchées. Enfin, les fonds d’archives audio-visuels des armées britanniques et françaises ont été consultés afin de donner de la chair à nos propos et vérifier, à travers les photos, les vidéos et les archives sonores, l’engouement sportif de la France en guerre. Pour conclure, notre travail doctoral consacre le football comme un construit de la culture de la Grande Guerre mais également comme le grand vainqueur sportif de la guerre 1914-1918

This article presents a systematic, comparative, and reproducible mapping of the scientific literature examining how the term glocalization is mobilized in contemporary research. We analyze a corpus of 2200 articles (1990–September 2025) from Web of Science and Scopus and report in line with PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-ScR (scoping). Methodologically, we combine PRISMA-ScR-aligned screening with the bibliometric and lexicometry mapping of metadata, complemented by the qualitative interpretation of a purposive subset of key texts to contextualize the mapped trajectories. Following normalization, we apply co-occurrence and correspondence analyses to identify lexical proximities and cross-disciplinary translation zones. We ask how glocalization is conceptualized, the contexts in which it is deployed, and whether classic theoretical frameworks retain their explanatory power. Findings show a gradual shift from a mainly conceptual to more operational register. Regional differences are marked yet organized around a core of governance, multilevel coordination, and collective practice. The disciplinary landscape shows continuity between techno-applied and reflexive approaches, supported by bridging disciplines (sociology, communication, education, health, sport) that translate a general grammar into research and intervention tools. We offer a cumulative methodological framework for tracing the scientific trajectory of glocalization. As a bridge concept between theory and action, glocalization provides an explanatory lens on transformations and resistances in early-twenty-first-century globalized society. We therefore position this study as a PRISMA-traceable corpus construction combined with bibliometric and lexicometry science mapping.

This article explores the emergence of the concept of glocalization in contemporary societies and more precisely, the glocalization of sport to highlight a social innovation borne through the interaction between global dynamics and local specificities in the development of sport. The glocalization, considered as a theorical framework to rethink local social innovation which answered to the limit of the globalization, is examined in this article through an in-depth bibliographic analysis conducted using the Lillocat metasearch engine (covering 354 articles since 1992 across 11 thematic areas, 29 of which are related to sports). The use of IRaMuTeQ software version 0.7 alpha2 (Interface for Multidimensional Text and Questionnaire Analysis) enabled comprehensive textual and lexical analyses, including frequency analyses, hierarchical classifications, and principal component analyses (PCA). These analyses were presented in the form of figures such as histograms, dendrograms, and word clouds, thereby facilitating the identification of lexical co-occurrence relationships and the understanding of emerging trends. Findings reveal that glocalization enables sports organizations to integrate global strategies with local cultural identities, fostering fan engagement, economic sustainability, and cultural diversity. Global events such as the FIFA World Cup, the NBA’s international expansion, and the Tour de France illustrate how global frameworks adapt to local contexts. Glocalization emerges as a strategic driver of social innovation, balancing internationalization with localized adaptation. This study provides insights for researchers and practitioners, considering glocalization as a theorical framework useful for the analysis of a local social innovation in the context of globalization and sport as a propitious field of research.

Although in historiography, the First World War was a period where gender identities were reasserted, the study of soldiers' football during the Great War calls for a nuancing of the dual history of representations and construction of French masculinity throughout the period. In the continuity of the works of James Mangan and Thierry Terret, who show that preparation for war and the modernity of the First World War represented a time of construction of men and destruction of bodies, research undertaken highlights the importance of the 1914–1918 period in France in the questioning of traditional representations of French masculinity, as well as in the recognition of sport in the modernisation of its construction modalities among Poilus. Indeed, despite wearing a uniform and using weapons, which reinforced the representations of virility of mobilised men, the situation of extreme vulnerability which French soldiers had to face during the fighting, as well as direct and permanent contact with Allied soldiers embodying sporting masculinity, brought into question the gymnastics model of masculinity that Frenchmen had shared prior to the war. Based on previous research and on the archives of the French Army, as well as on the press and films of the Great War period, the work undertaken aims to show that football was not only a remedy for the vulnerability of Poilus but also a test of virility which contributed, as the conflict progressed, to the modernisation of the model of French masculinity.

Alors que l’objet ‘sport en guerre’ termine d’être défriché, l’étude qui suit se propose d’apporter un regard nouveau sur la période 1914-1918 et d’identifier la Grande Guerre comme un processus explicatif de nombreuses mutations subit par le sport français au début du XX^e siècle. En l’occurrence, grâce à la consultation d’archives d’origines très diverses (archives audiovisuelles et militaires de l’Impérial War Museum, mais aussi la presse locale de la zone des armées, la presse sportive et la presse régimentaire britannique et dominion), l’étude descriptive du développement du football-association à l’intérieur des armées britanniques et dominions démontre que la zone des armées du front ouest est un creuset interculturel et footballistique responsable de l’acculturation sportive de la population autochtone française.

The First World War is traditionally considered in history as a temporary halt for cultural and sporting activities. If the Olympic Games and the Tour de France were actually cancelled, football and rugby were in fact stimulated by the circumstances of war. Indeed, the gathering of allied nations behind the Western Front emerged as the main factor in the development of these two sports. Reading the sporting press and military archives shows that international sporting exchanges were stimulated during the Great War. To be specific, France benefited from the golden opportunity provided by the presence of the masters of the game to strengthen its practices and affirm its status as a sporting nation. Inter-allied sporting exchanges were primarily characterised by informal encounters between military selections. Then, following the recognition of these sports by the military authorities, the number of exchanges increased. At the end of 1917, the official status acquired by sport within the military forces created the conditions for the structuring of the French sporting elite. From that point, we can witness the birth of the first French military rugby and football teams, as they demonstrate, through their good performances during the demobilisation period, the progressive build-up of the international dimension of French sport during the war years.

During the First World War, the life of a soldier was not just reduced to the trenches. In daily military life behind the lines, soldiers had recreational activities, some of which were seen as a test of virility, such as visiting brothels, and also, as we want to show in this paper, sport practices. For most of the French citizen-soldiers, who were working class and mainly from the countryside, the contact with allied soldiers has to be understood as a significant step in the social construction of gender. Educated in gymnastics, shooting and military exercises, French infantrymen (Poilus) and civilians saw allied sports and soldier-sportsmen as models of a modern masculinity. In a descriptive study of the development of football in the French army, our article tries to demonstrate firstly, that football learnt in the army by workers and the French rural society extended the influence of sport and its part in the construction of masculinity in France. Secondly, we show that the official recognition of sport in 1917 by the French army led to the definition of a modern French masculinity and to the recognition of the sportsmen-soldier as the model of hegemonic masculinity.