Raja Asif Wagan

Nowadays Road traffic is major issue of developing and under developing countries. With the rampant increase of traffic, the society faces major traffic threats including life threats and environmental threat, thus traffic management is gruesome problem to address. The consequences of poor traffic management include road accidents, jamming of traffic, pollution and many more that can be life threatening. Living in 21 st century with the emergence of technology and applicability of smart cities provides a perfect solution to curb traffic issues. Keeping in view the deadlock and congestion in traffic, this work provides solution by indigently detecting and prioritizing the vehicles and non-vehicles. The research involves implementation and comparison of two state of art algorithms Aggregated channel feature and Point Tracker. Further, the algorithms are enhanced by improving traffic management in terms of identifying category of transport, prioritizing the traffic which contains vehicle and non-vehicles on basis of size of vehicle, type of vehicle, emergency situation and provide the priority to resolve the deadlock. Further, the proposed enhanced point tracker algorithm includes the emergency detection in case of accident and provide an alternative route to neighboring vehicles and non-vehicles. Enhanced ACF has detected true positive rate of 80%, 89%, has detected true positive rate of 69% and 79% having non-vehicle detected with assigned priority. Enhanced point tracker has detected true positive rate of 88%, 94%, and 86% having vehicles, non- vehicles and assigned priority.

Testing of mobile applications (apps) has its quirks as numerous events are required to be tested. Mobile apps testing, being an evolving domain, carries certain challenges that should be accounted for in the overall testing process. Since smartphone apps are moderate in size so we consider that model-based testing (MBT) using state machines and statecharts could be a promising option for ensuring maximum coverage and completeness of test cases. Using model-based testing approach, we can automate the tedious phase of test case generation, which not only saves time of the overall testing process but also minimizes defects and ensures maximum test case coverage and completeness. In this paper, we explore and model the most critical modules of the mobile app for generating test cases to ascertain the efficiency and impact of using model-based testing. Test cases for the targeted model of the application under test were generated on a real device. The experimental results indicate that our framework reduced the time required to execute all the generated test cases by 50%. Experimental setup and results are reported herein.

In this paper, a compact multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for an off/on-body wireless body area network (WBAN) is presented. The proposed antenna comprises eight elements arranged in a side-by-side, orthogonal, and across configuration on a planar laminate. This MIMO system achieves wideband impedance matching, i.e., fractional bandwidth (FBW) = 111% (7600 MHz) when placed off-body and FBW = 110% (7500 MHz) when placed on-body. The achieved bandwidth covers the ultrawideband (UWB) ranges 3.1–10.6 GHz for UWB-WBANs. To isolate the antenna elements, a Jerusalem cross (JC)-shaped frequency-selective surface (FSS) and meandered structure (MS) was designed and optimized. This proposed isolation mechanism offers at least 20 dB of isolation while maintaining an overall compact profile. Moreover, MIMO performance parameters for off/on-body and the specific absorption rate (SAR) were also evaluated. Stable MIMO performance, acceptable limits of SAR, and optimum radiation characteristics verify its suitability for wideband biotelemetry applications.

Plant communities in cities have obvious beautification and improvement effects on the environment, and at the same time are important places and open spaces for biodiversity conservation. With the acceleration of urbanization, the research and development of urban plant communities has become a trend of urban ecological construction, and making full use of trees is also an important guiding ideology in current urban greening in my country. Therefore, this article conducts a comparative analysis and research on the species diversity of different types of plant communities in the urban area Karachi. In Karachi, which is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, roadside trees along various road types (e.g., wide, medium and narrow roads) have been studied. Field study has been conducted on different paths of the Karachi city to understand the diversity pattern of the species. A total of 150 plots, divided into 3 categories of roads which were surveyed. The highest quantity of tree biomass per unit area was found on wide roads, followed by medium roads. On narrow roads, the least biomass was detected. A single species or a limited number of species dominated the diversity of species. Conocarpus erectus was the most dominant non-native species along all types of roads, followed by the species Guaiacum officinale. A total of 76 species (32 non-native and 44 native) that were selectively spread along the roadsides of the city were studied. There was a significant difference in phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (MPD) and phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) between different types of roads. Our study identified patterns of diversity in roadside trees in Karachi.

Context-aware applications are emerging applications in the modern era of computing. These applications can determine and adapt to situational context to provide better user experience. Testing these applications is not straightforward. Constantly changing nature of context makes testing context-aware application is a challenging task. To uncover a defect in context-aware application, a test engineer needs activity (sequence of actions) and context information (context data); this makes test case development a difficult task. Conventional test case development methodologies do not cater for context information. Besides, conventional applications have only one input source, but context-aware application must obtain data from many sources to infer the context. Yet another issue that these applications often face is the noisy data problem as input data collected from physical sensors could be noisy. Test adequacy criteria are used as test stoppage rule and define the quality of testing as well as for generating test suites. Test adequacy criteria is helpful to control the cost of testing as well as determining/establishing confidence in the software product quality. A number of test adequacy criteria exist for testing conventional applications, but the same is not true for context-aware applications. Defining test adequacy criteria and test coverage measures for context-aware applications warrants further research. Several techniques have been developed by researchers to generate and execute test cases for context-aware applications; however, end-to-end testing and result analysis of executed test cases still remains a grueling task for the test engineers. The aim of this study is to automate end-to-end functional testing, analysis of the generated test results as well as functional/requirement coverage assessment. Moreover, we also present a confidence assessment template for result analysis. Test engineers can use our proposed framework to assess the requirement coverage. Our proposed framework will reduce testing time, efforts and cost thus enabling test engineers to execute more testing cycles to attain higher degree of test coverage.

Burning velocity of different chemicals is estimated using a model from mixed population considering inverted Kumaraswamy (IKum) distribution for component parts. Two estimation techniques maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian analysis are applied for estimation purposes. BEs of a mixture model are obtained using gamma, inverse beta prior, and uniform prior distribution with two loss functions. Hyperparameters are determined through the empirical Bayesian method. An extensive simulation study is also a part of the study which is used to foresee the characteristics of the presented model. Application of the IKum mixture model is presented through a real dataset. We observed from the results that Linex loss performed better than squared error loss as it resulted in lower risks. And similarly gamma prior is preferred over other priors.

The field of Global Software Development has been an active area of research for the last two decades due to its enormous benefits such as lower labor cost, faster development and easy access to the skilled labor pool. Apart from these benefits, it faces some challenges like communication, coordination, trust and configuration management etc. These challenges arise primarily due to physical, cultural and time zone differences. The empirical studies highlight that the existing Global Software Development solutions do not fully meet the user needs as there are still several gaps in these solutions. Therefore, to fulfill these gaps, there is a need to develop novel frameworks that address outstanding issues. In this paper, we have attempted to address the aforesaid GSD challenges. The practitioners can benefit from our proposed framework during the execution of GSD projects. The proposed framework mainly focuses on the root causes of the two principal challenges namely the communication and cultural differences. We believe that if the team members of a software project can communicate effectively and show considerations for others by imparting due reverence to the cultural norms, then the other residual issues can easily be reduced and minimized.