Olga A. Boriskina

Purpose of the study. Comparison of the composition of the periodontal and intestinal microbiome in individuals with chronic periodontitis against the background of obesity and intestinal dysbiosis with a control group of healthy individuals using the real-time PCR method. Material and methods. A total of 65 individuals of both sexes participated in the clinical study. The main group consisted of 35 individuals aged 45-59 years with a diagnosis of moderate chronic generalized periodontitis (ICD K 05.3), morbid obesity (ICD 10: E66.0 / E66.2 / E66.8 / E66.9) and intestinal dysbacteriosis (ICD 10: R19.8). The control group included 30 healthy volunteers. The study design was a prospective comparative study in two groups. Participants in both groups underwent a study of the total amount of bacterial mass in the exudate of periodontal pockets / gingival sulcus and colonic contents, and the species composition of the microflora was also determined by the real-time PCR method. StatTech v. 2.8.8 (NPO DNA-Technology, Russia) and Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) were used for statistical analysis of the obtained results. Results and discussion. The study showed that the total bacterial count of both the subgingival microflora and intestinal contents in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and morbid obesity was higher compared to the control group of subjects with an intact periodontium and no somatic pathology. High correlation coefficients between the total bacterial count in periodontal exudate and intestinal contents in patients of the study group (R = 0.79 at p < 0.001) indicated a close relationship between the state of the oral microbiota and the microbiota of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Patients with periodontitis and morbid obesity more often had higher levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola in the microflora of periodontal pockets, compared to the gingival sulcus fluid in the control group. In the intestinal contents, almost all the studied microbes, except Neisseria spp., were found in all patients, both in the main and control groups, but the frequency of detection of Neisseria spp. in the feces of patients in the main group (42.9 %) was higher compared to the control group (6.7 %) (p = 0.003). The number of Enterobacterium spp. in the feces of patients in the main group compared to the control was 39.4 times higher (p < 0.001), Eubacterium spp. – 32 times (p < 0.001), and Neisseria spp. – 3.8 times (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In patients with morbid obesity, dysbiotic changes in the oral cavity are associated with intestinal dysbiosis. In this pathology, high levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola are observed in the periodontal pocket microflora, in contrast to the gingival sulcus fluid of patients without dental or somatic pathology. Enterobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., and Neisseria spp. predominate in the intestinal contents of patients with periodontitis associated with obesity.

В статье обосновывается эффективность использования коммуникативно ориентированных упражнений, разработанных в рамках концепции лексически ориентированной грамматики английского языка, для формирования речевых умений будущих переводчиков. Осознанное управление прагматическим потенциалом англоязычной лингвокультуры и тактическими возможностями передачи смысла неразрывно связано с системным знанием явной и скрытой грамматики рабочих языков. Рассматриваются преимущества оригинальной концепции воронежских лингвистов Т. М. Чирко и Т. М. Ломовой, реализованной в серии учебников “Making a Message in English”. Отмечается, что ключевыми достоинствами данного подхода к подготовке переводчиков являются ориентация на русскоязычного обучающегося, контекстуализация грамматического знания, освоение грамматических категорий через синтактическую типологию, использование разноформатных аутентичных материалов, опора на корпусные данные и индуктивно-дедуктивная основа обучения. Особое внимание уделяется минимизации языковой интерференции за счет осмысления обучающимися типологических различий между русским и английским языками, в частности, в аспекте тема-рематического членения высказывания. Подчеркивается, что предложенная методика организации обучения трансформирует учебный процесс в научно-исследовательский поиск, способствует формированию вторичной языковой личности переводчика-аналитика, способного декодировать имплицитные смыслы и адаптироваться к современным языковым изменениям. Данная концепция, проверенная тридцатилетним исследовательским опытом и доказавшая свою эффективность на практике при подготовке переводчиков на факультете романо-германской филологии Воронежского государственного университета, отвечает требованиям ФГОС ВО, профессионального стандарта специалиста в области перевода и современного рынка труда, обеспечивая высокий уровень иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции выпускников. The article deals with the effectiveness of using communicatively oriented exercises, constructed within the concept of Lexical Grammar of English, for developing interpreters’ speech skills. Conscious management of the pragmatic potential of English-speaking linguistic culture and the tactical possibilities of meaning transfer is inextricably linked to systemic knowledge of both explicit and implicit grammar of working languages. The advantages of the original concept by Voronezh linguists Tatyana M. Chirko and Tatyana M. Lomova, implemented in the “Making a Message in English” handbook series, are examined. It is noted that the key strengths of this approach to translator training include its orientation towards Russian-speaking learners, contextualisation of grammatical knowledge, handling grammatical categories through syntactic typology, utilisation of diverse authentic materials, reliance on corpus data, and Guided Discovery on a inductive-deductive basis for instruction. There is highlighted minimising language interference by enabling learners to recognise typological differences between Russian and English, particularly regarding the theme-rheme structure of utterances. It is emphasised that the proposed teaching methodology transforms the educational process into scientific research, encouraging the development of a secondary linguistic personality – the translator-analyst, capable of deciphering implicit meanings and adapting to contemporary linguistic changes. This concept, validated by thirty years of research experience and proven effective in practice in training translators at the Faculty of Romance and Germanic Philology of Voronezh State University, meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education, the professional standard for translation specialists, and the demands of the modern labour market, ensuring a high level of EFL communicative competence amongst graduates.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To study the effectiveness of the drug Cholisal as part of the conservative treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected 100 patients aged 35 to 65 years of both sexes with a diagnosis of moderate chronic periodontitis in the acute stage with a periodontal pocket depth of 3.5—5 mm. Depending on the tactics of conservative treatment of periodontitis, patients were divided into two groups of 50 people. In the main group, Cholisal dental gel was used as part of complex conservative treatment, and in the control group, Metrogil-denta gel was used. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, a dental examination of patients was carried out with an index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues and a biochemical analysis of the content of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 in gingival blood, comparing the indicators before treatment and 14 days after the start of treatment. RESULTS When the drug Cholisal was included in complex treatment, 14 days from the start of treatment, patients experienced a statistically significant decrease in the depth of periodontal pockets from 4.7±0.32 mm to 3.6±0.19, and the Green—Vermillion hygiene index by 60.7%, Silness—Loe plaque index by 73.1%, PMA index by 68.8%, Muhlemann—Cowell bleeding index by 68.0% (p0.05), reduction in the hygiene index Green—Vermillion was 51.9%, Silness—Loe plaque index — 64.0%, PMA index — 43.7%, Muhlemann—Cowell bleeding index — 45.8% (ppp0.05 compared to the initial level). CONCLUSIONS The use of the drug Cholisal in the conservative treatment of chronic periodontitis has demonstrated more pronounced positive dynamics of clinical and biochemical parameters compared to traditional therapy, which suggests its high effectiveness.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a clinical assessment of the effectiveness of toothbrushes of various types in adolescents aged 12—15 years by dynamic monitoring of the state of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal and hygienic status. Material and Methods: A parallel, randomized, open clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three different toothbrushes among adolescents aged 12—15 years. The study involved 60 adolescents who were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 people. In each group, adolescents received one type of toothbrush. In group A, adolescents used a manual brush with a multi-level brush field for brushing their teeth, in group B — a manual brush with a flat brush field, in group C — an electric toothbrush making 8800 reciprocating rotational and 20000 pulsating movements per minute. The dental examination included the determination of the KUz, PI (Turesky S., 1970) and PMA (Parma S., 1960) indices. After the examination, the teenagers were taught the standard method of brushing their teeth. Repeated examinations were carried out after 1, 2 and 3 months. To compare the indicators of one group in dynamics, the Wilcoxon test was used, and to identify differences between groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: The values of the KPUz index did not change in the course of the study in any of the groups. In all groups, there was a significant decrease in PI after 1, 2 and 3 months from the start of the study (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05 compared with baseline). The cleaning effect of the studied samples of toothbrushes for 1 month. was 48.4% in group A, 27.6% in group B and 56.7% in group C -Whitney, p<0.05). Of the manual toothbrushes, a brush with a multi-level brush field turned out to be more effective. Along with a decrease in the index of plaque in all groups, there was a significant decrease in the PMA index (Wilcoxon test, p0.05). Conclusion: The highest cleaning effect was observed when adolescents used an electric toothbrush. Of the manual toothbrushes for teenagers, the brush with a multi-level brush field turned out to be more effective.

Цель работы – провести клиническую оценку эффективности зубных щеток разного типа у детей 6-11 лет путем динамического контроля состояния твердых тканей зубов, пародонта и гигиенического статуса. Материал и методы: проведено параллельное, рандомизированное, открытое клиническое исследование, направленное на оценку эффективности трех разных зубных щеток (двух мануальных с разной рабочей частью и электрической с технологией возвратно-вращательных и пульсирующих движений) у детей 6-11 лет. В исследовании принимали участие 60 детей в возрасте 6-8 лет и 60 детей 9-11 лет. В каждой возрастной категории случайным образом было сформировано по 3 группы из 20 человек, которые получали зубные щетки разного вида: группы I и IV – мануальную щетку «Oral-B Junior» («Procter & Gamble», Ирландия), группы II и V - мануальную щетку «ROCS Junior» (ООО «ВДС-Ступино», Россия), группы III и VI - электрическую щетку «Oral-B Pro 400 Junior Sensi Ultrathin». Стоматологическое обследование включало определение индексов КПУз+кпз, PI (Turesky S., 1970) и РМА (Parma С., 1960). После обследования детей обучали стандартному методу чистки зубов. Повторные обследования проводили через 1, 2 и 3 месяца. Для сравнения показателей одной группы в динамике использовали критерий Уилкоксона, а для выявления различий между группами - тест Манна-Уитни. Полученные результаты. Значения индексов КПУз+кпз в ходе исследования ни в одной из групп не изменились. Во всех группах отмечено достоверное снижение PI через 1, 2 и 3 месяца от начала исследования (критерий Уилкоксона, рВывод. Все зубные щетки оказались эффективными при контроле наддесневого налета (видимая биопленка), наиболее высокий эффект отмечался в группах детей, которые использовали электрическую зубную щетку.

To study the effect of toothbrushes of various types on the accumulation of plaque and the proteolytic potential of gingival fluid as a pathogenic factors in long-term orthodontic treatment of patients with a distal permanent bite. We examined 63 patients of both sexes aged 11-18 years. Orthodontic treatment was carried out for the close position of the teeth with a distal permanent bite (K07.2) and cleft palate and lips (Q37.1). Patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of toothbrush used for individual oral hygiene: group 1 (n=21) - an orthodontic manual toothbrush (Professor Persin, «Spazzolificio Piave», Italy); Group 2 (n=22) - an ultrasonic toothbrush (Emmi-dent, EMAG AG, Germany) and group 3 (n=20) - an electric toothbrush ("Oral-B Pro-Expert, «Procter & Gamble», USA). The amount of soft plaque was assessed by the Silness-Loe hygiene index in the subgingival region. The activity of proteolytic enzymes - elastase, collagenase, and a α-inhibitor of proteinases was determined by the enzymatic method using a XL 200 biochemical analyzer («Erba Lachema», Czech Republic). The accumulation of plaque in the gingival region on both jaws during the entire period of orthodontic treatment is most pronounced when using a manual brush compared to ultrasonic and electric brushes. An increase in proteolytic activity in the gingival fluid with a simultaneous decrease in antiprotease potential with long-term orthodontic treatment of patients was observed when using a manual orthodontic brush, which can be regarded as an increase in the activity of the pathogenic factors for the development of local inflammatory and destructive changes. To prevent inflammatory and destructive changes during prolonged orthodontic treatment of patients, the use of ultrasonic and electric toothbrushes in daily oral hygiene is justified.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation after the complete elimination of carious cavities in patients with dentin caries according to clinical and laboratory indicators when using the ELGYDIUM Protection caries toothpaste for cleaning teeth for 6 months. 29 patients with high intensity of dental caries were examined and received treatment. Depending on the organization of daily hygienic measures after treatment the patients were divided into two groups. The main group included 14 patients who used Elgydium Protection caries paste ('Pierre Fabre Medicament', France) for brushing their teeth twice a day for 6 months. The control group included 15 patients who used toothpastes with fluoride of the first generation. All patients underwent clinical dental examination with the determination of the DMFT index and the amount of soft dental plaque according to the Silness-Lohe index, as well as in the gingival fluid bacteriological examination of cariogenic microbiota, determination of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and an immunoassay for anti-inflammatory peptides α-defensins 1-3. Effective change in the concentration of antimicrobial peptides α-defensins 1-3 and TNF-α after treatment along with successful eradication of cariogenic bacteria from carious cavities, the absence of recurrent dental caries in the main group compared with the control group proved the successful anti-caries action of long-term use of fluorenol capable of forming a uniform film on the surface of the tooth in the presence of silyglycol. The protective film helps to increase the resistance of the tooth to demineralization and prevents plaque formation. Thus, the study results proved the effectiveness of ELGYDIUM Protection caries toothpaste used for 6 months for the reduction of caries.

Medical article медицинская статья

The time-studies demonstrated that the periodontologist spend 30.3 +/- 2.6 minutes on the primary ambulatory visit of patient and 16.4 +/- 0.9 minutes on the revisit of patient (non-registering time spending on preventive and curative activities). Time spending on curative preventive activities in each group of patients with periodontal diseases depended on both the severity of inflammatory destructive processes in periodontium and therapy stage.