Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi

Quercetin (QCT) is a dietary flavonoid with reported antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, but direct comparisons with established antioxidants, such

Several neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), notably amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are characterized by pathological cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in neurons and glia. Primarily localized in the nucleus under physiological conditions, TDP-43 is a critical regulator of RNA processing and metabolism. Therefore, RNA changes induced by TDP-43 depletion or mutation could play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS and other TDP-43 related NDDs.To investigate these effects in NSC34 motor neuron-like cells, a commonly used cellular model of ALS, we used RNA interference to knock down TDP-43 and overexpressed the ALS-associated TDP-43 M337V mutation. RNA from both these experiments was enriched for small and large transcripts and subsequently analyzed via next-generation sequencing.The resulting transcriptomics datasets offer a valuable resource for studying the impact of TDP-43 depletion and mutant over-expression in motor neurons. These data enable comprehensive differential expression analyses and functional enrichment studies, identifying cellular pathways affected by TDP-43 depletion or mutation. Additionally, the inclusion of non-coding RNAs facilitates the construction of gene regulatory networks, providing insights into the interplay between coding and non-coding RNAs in gene expression regulation under TDP-43 loss-of-function or pathogenic mutation conditions.

The brain is built up during pregnancy. How it functions afterwards depends on how the expectant mother's diet nourishes it. Walnuts contain significant quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bioactive phytochemicals, which enhance brain health and function even with advancing age. This study examined the effects of a walnut-enriched diet (WED) on corticohippocampal histoarchitecture and gene expression in rat offspring. Twenty-eight female adult Wistar rats (n= 7) averaging about 185 g in weight were used for this study. After mating, pregnant dams were split randomly into four groups: A (standard rat chow/control), B (WED from GD 0 – PND 21), C (WED from GD 0 – PND 1), D (WED from PND 1 – PND 21). Offspring of dams were sacrificed at adolescence (PND 35), with brain tissues of interest harvested for subsequent analyses. We observed no significant correlates in litter size, body, and brain weights across the experimental groups. Histomorphology revealed no distortion in cellular layering and delineation of cells in the PFC and dentate gyrus of both control and WED groups. Nissl staining intensity was enhanced in the offspring of dams exposed to WED versus the control, indicating improved proteostasis. Upregulated mRNA expression of DNMT3a, H2Ax, OPA1, and BDNF was observed in cortical and hippocampal tissues of WEDexposed offspring compared with the control group. A diet enriched with African walnuts during early development induced changes predictive of cognitive improvements and enhanced stress-response signalling, plasticity, and neural resilience in rat offspring.

Maternal deprivation during the early neonatal period is linked to many neurodevelopmental disorders. This study was designed to investigate the protective action of vitamin B complex (Vit Bco) on maternal deprivation-induced cerebellar damage in Wistar rats. Pups were divided into four groups: control, which received 50 ml/kg of normal saline from postnatal day (PND) 21-35; Second group received 40 mg/kg of Vit Bco orally from PND 21-35; Third and fourth groups were maternally deprived for 24 h on PND 9, but the fourth group received Vit Bco in addition from PND 21-35. The pups were sacrificed on PND 36 and the cerebellar tissues were harvested and processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies, as well as oxidative status using enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Cerebellar microarchitecture of maternally deprived pups revealed disruption of cortical layers, pyknotic Purkinje cells and activated astrocytes. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly reduced in maternally deprived pups when compared with the control and the Vit Bco alone group. Pups that received Vit Bco after maternal deprivation had well-delineated cortical layout, moderately stained Purkinje cells and non-activated astrocytes, while the oxidative enzymes activities were increased compared with pups that did not receive Vit Bco intervention. Conclusively, Vit Bco ameliorates cerebellar histomorphological, neurochemical and oxidative alterations associated with maternal deprivation.

Allanblackia floribunda has been used to treat an upset stomach in African traditional medicine, but its efficacy and safety have not been scientifically studied. The present research is aimed at assessing the antiulcer property of the seed extract of the plant to validate its traditional claim. Rats were pretreated with three doses of aqueous extract of A. floribunda (AFE) at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg or omeprazole 10 mg/kg for 1 hr before the acute gastric ulcer was induced by oral administration of 5 mL/kg of 98% ethanol. The animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, and the stomach and blood were collected. The gross histology of the stomach, percentage protection conferred by the treatment, gastric pH, and serum TNF‐α and INF‐γ were assessed as well as the expression of Ki67 antigens. The antioxidant properties as well as the acute toxicity profile of the plant extract were also assessed. The results show that A. floribunda conferred significant protection on the rats against gastric ulceration with % protection of 46.15, 57.69, and 65.38 for AFE 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, respectively, as well as 69.23% for omeprazole 10 mg/kg. The plant extract caused marked reductions in gastric pH, TNF‐α, and INF‐γ with statistical significance (p < 0.001) for AFE 300 mg/kg and omeprazole 10 mg/kg. Also, the plant showed good antioxidant activity comparable to gallic acid. Furthermore, the plant extract modulated the expression of Ki67 antigens. All animals survived the 14‐day delayed toxicity test with no significant differences in physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters between rats orally administered with supratherapeutic doses of AFE (5000 mg/kg) or normal saline. The study established that the gastroprotective effect of the seed extract of A. floribunda is attributable to its antisecretory, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, the plant was found to promote ulcer healing via the modulation of the expression Ki67 and was safe at supratherapeutic doses.

Gbadamosi Ismail Temitayo, Bamisi Olawande, Yawson Olushola Emmanuel, Arogundade Tolulope Timothy, Ogunrinola Kehinde, Lewu Folashade Susan, Lambe Ezra, Olajide Olayemi Joseph. Anat Cell Biol -0001;0:. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.20.099