Volodymyr Solod

Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of coating diamond grains with thin layers of titanium and nickel to provide a tight interface with the nickel matrix. Wetting of diamond and nickel is improved by coating diamond particles with thin layers of titanium and nickel. Titanium carbide formed between Ti-coating and diamond provides stronger interfacial adhesion force compared to diamond micropowder with Ni-coating. To improve the thermal properties of diamond/metal composites, a metal carbide layer is needed that combines both the crystal structure and the heat transfer of heterogeneous interfaces. In modern research in coatings, in addition to TiC, attention is paid to other carbides: B₄C, V2C and VC, as well as chromium carbides. A separate direction is oxide coatings on diamonds. The mechanism of diamond protection in this direction is the predominant oxide donor behavior of Mo–B–C coatings for the formation of a stable oxide layer on the diamond surface. Diamond films with three different grain sizes were grown on the surface of a titanium alloy by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films is clearly higher than that of microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films. But cutters with intact MCD coating demonstrate the longest service life. Attention has been paid to coatings applied to hard alloys and steels, with researchers mainly focusing on coatings containing titanium, namely TiAlN, TiN/CrN and Al2O3/TiO2.

The importance of developments to overcome friction and wear is largely due to the fact that the energy consumed by the manufacturing industry is almost a third of the total energy consumed. That is, the tribological aspect in the processes of diamond-abrasive processing is quite significant and must be taken into account. Recently, new modern developments have appeared in the literature that somewhat clarify this direction, both from the point of view of the diamond abrasive tool and the tribological behavior of various diamonds, including those with coatings. It is these developments that are covered further in our review of modern publications. Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have significant advantages for obtaining individual products and prototypes, allow to reduce costs, and also speed up the release of products to the market. Nowadays, this direction has begun to be used for diamond-abrasive tools. Of course, new binders for the working layer of the diamond tool have been developed for such energy-efficient AM technology. It is shown that the cutting forces and friction coefficients of microtextured diamond tools are significantly reduced. The tribological behavior of diamonds against various materials is fundamental for their use in the abrasive and bearing industries. It has been proven that, in comparison with ordinary diamond grains, porous diamond grains with an increased number of microedges effectively reduce the cutting force and heat generation. It is shown that the application of the effect of further mechanochemical influence during the coating of diamond abrasives, both on the diamond-bond boundary and on the contact of the surface of the diamond grain with the processed material, allows to increase the efficiency of the use of the diamond-abrasive tool. Attention is drawn to what kind of impurities are introduced into the contact zone during diamond-abrasive processing to change the tribological parameters. At the same time, the most widely used is h–BN, which with a layered crystal structure is one of the types of effective solid lubricants, especially at elevated temperatures. Attention has been paid to emerging materials such as graphene oxide and carbon dots (CD), a kind of carbon-based nanomaterials, which have been widely used as highly effective lubricant additives.

The floatation separation of diamond powders, where some grains of synthetic diamond grinding powder were carried to the surface layer (“foam”

The analysis of literature data proved that plastic and brittle materials have different mechanisms of chip formation and, as a result, different mechanisms of roughness of the treated surface. In addition, modern foreign researchers pay due attention to the polishing of hard alloys and a high- quality cutting edge. It is shown that with an increase in the hardness of a hard alloy, the roughness of its surface decreases. This is confirmed both on one alloy and for a set of hard alloys. Moreover, the Rmax indicator decreases as expected with a decrease in the Ra indicator, but the behavior of the Rmax/Ra indicator ratio is unexpected and increases as the hardness of hard alloys increases. It was established that when grinding layered plates, in which cutting ceramics VOK71 and tungsten-free hard alloy TN20 are combined, a higher roughness is recorded on the ceramics. And here, too, a larger Rmax/Ra ratio is recorded on harder ceramics, as well as on hard alloys, which indicates the presence of the formation of a larger number of hidden scratches on these fragile materials. It was found that as soon as the cBN grain passes through the hardened steel and hits the unhardened one, the Ra indicator increases slightly, while the Rmax indicator increases significantly. To a large extent, this is caused by the side effects (clumps) that occur during the movement of grains in a mass of soft material. This is also confirmed by the fact that the step of Sm irregularities remains unchanged when the movement of the cBN grains changes from the hardened part to the unhardened part.

Modern research indicates the effectiveness of using abrasive and chemical-mechanical methods in polishing, taking into account the characteristics of the abrasives used. At the same time, for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), researchers consider two directions: the influence of different abrasives, i.e., emphasis on the mechanical component of CMP, and the influence of suspension, i.e., emphasis on the chemical component. As an abrasive for polishing, diamonds are used in the tool in the form of metallic Cu6Sn5 and polymer diamond film overlays, as well as with the use of a mixed abrasive suspension of cerium and diamond. The features of polishing Al2O3–SiO2 with mixed particles and pure – SiO2, as well as new abrasives of the core-shell type SiO2@A-TiO2 are separately considered. In new suspensions containing Fe, Al2O3, a new material is added - graphene oxide (GO), and deionized water is also used in CMP, and this is a certain modern research trend.

Прогрес науки і технологій вимагає стиковки існуючих і виникаючих галузей теоретичного і емпіричного знання з подоланням труднощів термінологічної і методологічної природи. Розв’язання проблем пов’язане з розвитком термінологічних систем і вдосконаленням словників. В сучасній Україні відбуваються зміни, що обумовлені модернізацією вищої освіти з приєднанням до загальносвітових соціальних і економічних процесів, розвитком машинобудівних технологій, тому проблеми галузевого навчання в багатомовному режимі актуальні. Відповідно до рішення задач подальшого розвитку і забезпечення уніфікації та стандартизації української та міжнародної термінології в освітніх процесах, оволодіння сучасною науково-технічною термінологією студентами та фахівцями, що сприяє поширенню їх міжнародних та міжгалузевих контактів та взаємодій створено двомовний термінологічний словник, який адаптований до навчального процесу в конкретному університеті та у відповідному економічному регіоні.

Вступ. На машинобудівних підприємствах України для правки сучасних абразивних кругів (при шліфуванні поверхонь обертання складнофасонних виробів) нині починають застосовувати імпортні правлячі ролики з СVD-алмазами. CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) — одна з нових технологій лабораторного отримання алмазних продуктів шляхом хімічного осадження з парової фази.Проблематика. У процесі правки абразивних кругів традиційним алмазним правлячим інструментом диспергований абразивний матеріал активно вимиває зв’язку в місцях закладання синтетичних монокристалічних алмазів і останні випадають, не використавши свій ресурс. Витягнута форма СVD-алмазів і більш глибине закладання у зв’язці повинностабілізувати утримання їх на робочій поверхні інструменту, збільшуючи таким чином ресурс правлячого інструменту.Мета. Формування алмазно-абразивного шару інструменту методом гальванопластики через застосування суміші CVD- та HPHT-алмазів для підвищення зносостійкості складнопрофільних ділянок правлячого інструменту.Матеріали й методи. Використано зерна алмазних порошків з CVD- та HPHT-алмазів. Елементний склад домішок і включень у порошках визначали за допомогою растрового електронного мікроскопу «BS-340» та енергодисперсійного аналізатора рентгенівських спектрів «Link-860».Результати. Обробка експериментальних даних засвідчила, що застосування CVD-вставок у навантажених ділянках правлячого інструмента суттєвопідвищує розмірну стійкість робочогопрофілю. Визначено, що зношування CVD-алмазів, як і кристалів HPHT, в умовах правки абразивних кругів на керамічній зв’язці, має характер абразивного зношування.Висновки. Застосування в інструменті таких спрямовано поліпшених складнопрофільних ділянок сумішшю CVD- та HPHT-алмазів дозволяє підвищити ефективність роботи алмазного правлячого інструменту

The article reveals the relevance of the problem of creating and organizing the activities of innovation and industrial parks as a mechanism for the economic development of industrial regions, activating the investment activity of the state with the aim of its economic growth. The world experience of creating and operating industrial parks is considered. The importance of industrial parks in modern economic conditions is highlighted. The prerequisites and main directions of creating industrial parks in Ukraine are revealed. Possible financing conditions and directions of state support for industrial parks are analyzed. Specific examples of their creation in individual regions of Ukraine are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of special investment regimes are determined. Proposals are provided, the implementation of which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of industrial parks and ensuring their positive impact on the development of the economy of industrial regions and the national economy. It is shown that it is regional innovation and industrial parks with cluster-industry organization of production complexes in key sectors of the economy that can become energizers of the recovery and growth of the Ukrainian economy. The creation of such technological clusters requires a comprehensive approach, including strengthening ties between scientific institutions, industrial enterprises, business and government bodies. To ensure the innovative development of the Dnieper region and intensify the practical implementation of scientific inventions in the form of industrial samples, it is proposed to create a High-Tech Park on the basis of the Dnipro State Technical University - “Dnipro Scientific and Industrial Park of Applied Research and Innovation Projects “KREMIN” with a special tax and legal regime that ensures the creation of favorable conditions for the successful development of business in the relevant sectors of the economy. According to the results of the analysis, it was established that for the effective socio-economic development of the regions and the country, one of the main mechanisms for the accelerated recovery of the Ukrainian economy should be an effective state program for the development of regional innovation and industrial parks with an industry cluster organization, taking into account the specifics of specific territories.

Modern technologies in machine and instrument building require new high-tech materials, the processing of which is much more complicated, especially from the point of view of achieving quality indicators of the final surface of the product. All this means that it is important to pay attention to finishing, namely polishing processes, to increase the efficiency of the machining process. The researches known from the literature testify specifically to the effectiveness of the application of chemical-mechanical methods in polishing, taking into account the peculiarities of the abrasives used, therefore the purpose of this article was to investigate the latest (2022—2023) developments in polishing technologies of a wide range of modern brittle and plastic materials and determine directions for improving the efficiency of such developments. Analysis of data on the method of chemical-mechanical polishing of products from different materials allowed us to establish that it is based on the synergistic action of a modified abrasive, mainly on the basis of CeO2, and the addition of chemical reactions using liquid suspensions or solid-phase chemical reactions, as well as on the development of new micro-grinding tools. An example of such a synergistic action is the new mechanical-mechanochemical synergistic technology of micro-grinding of fused silica and combined abrasive micro-grinding tools. First, grinding with diamond abrasives is carried out, and the next step is a solid-phase chemical reaction with a workpiece based on a mechanochemical reaction based on oxide abrasives (with additives) under the conditions of friction-thermal connection. That is, cerium oxide was used not only as grains to remove chemical reagents, but more importantly, as a reagent that directly participates in a solid-phase chemical reaction. It has been proven that, in general, the method of chemical-mechanical polishing with various modifications makes it possible to obtain, for materials of different hardness, almost the same, actually limiting at the lower level, indicators of surface roughness according to the Sa parameter: for fused silica 0.124 nm and for silicon 0.1 nm, and for soft copper — 0.1 nm.

It was established that conditionally viscous-brittle tool materials (high-speed steels and hard alloys) behave in the same way with an increase in hardness: wheel wear and the specific energy consumption of their grinding decrease. As the hardness of brittle tool oxide-carbide ceramics increases, both wheel wear and the specific energy consumption of grinding, on the contrary, increase. That is, an increase in the hardness of viscous-brittle materials facilitates the separation of elementary chips, less energy is needed for this, and accordingly the wear of the wheel and the specific energy consumption of their grinding are reduced. On brittle ceramics, with increasing hardness, there is no change in chip removal, but harder sludge becomes more abrasive and, as a result, the wear of the wheel and the specific energy consumption of their grinding increase. The conclusion from the literature that hard and less plastic materials require relatively less specific energy for grinding is confirmed by us when comparing materials of approximately the same hardness - hard alloys and ceramics. In ceramics, the energy consumption of grinding is actually four times lower than that of hard alloys.