Falko Pientka

Electron–phonon coupling is fundamental to condensed-matter physics, governing various physical phenomena and properties in both conventional and quantum materials. Here we propose and demonstrate two-dimensional electron–phonon coupling spectroscopy that can directly extract the electron–phonon coupling matrix elements for specific phonon modes and different electron energies. Using this technique, we measure the electron energy dependence of the electron–phonon coupling strength for individual phonon modes. It allows us to identify distinct signatures distinguishing non-local Su–Schrieffer–Heeger-type couplings from local Holstein-type couplings. Applying this methodology to a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite, we reveal particularly different properties, for example, temperature dependence or anisotropy, of the electron–phonon couplings of two pronounced phonon modes. Our approach provides insights into the microscopic origin of the electron–phonon coupling and has potential applications in phonon-mediated ultrafast control material properties.

In two-dimensional (2D) NbSe₂ crystal, which lacks inversion symmetry, strong spin-orbit coupling aligns the spins of Cooper pairs to the orbital valleys, forming Ising Cooper pairs (ICPs). The unusual spin texture of ICPs can be further modulated by introducing magnetic exchange. Here, we report unconventional supercurrent phase in van der Waals heterostructure Josephson junctions (JJs) that couples NbSe₂ ICPs across an atomically thin magnetic insulator (MI) Cr₂Ge₂Te₆. By constructing a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), we measure the phase of the transferred Cooper pairs in the MI JJ. We demonstrate a doubly degenerate nontrivial JJ phase (ϕ), formed by momentum-conserving tunneling of ICPs across magnetic domains in the barrier. The doubly degenerate ground states in MI JJs provide a two-level quantum system that can be utilized as a new dissipationless component for superconducting quantum devices. Our work boosts the study of various superconducting states with spin-orbit coupling, opening up an avenue to designing new superconducting phase-controlled quantum electronic devices.

One-dimensional systems proximity coupled to a superconductor can be driven into a topological superconducting phase by an external magnetic field. Here, we investigate the effect of vortices created by the magnetic field in a type-II superconductor providing the proximity effect. We identify different ways in which the topological protection of Majorana modes can be compromised and discuss strategies to circumvent these detrimental effects. Our findings are also relevant to topological phases of proximitized quantum Hall edge states.

With the discovery of Majorana quasiparticles in semiconductor-superconductor hybrid structures, topologically protected qubits have emerged as a promising contender for quantum information processing. While the construction of a universal quantum computer with topological protection likely requires significant advances in materials science, intermediate-scale devices are nearly within the reach of current technology. As a near-term milestone for topological qubits, we propose a network of topological superconductors as a simulator of a large variety of quantum spin systems, including those with frustration. Our proposal is founded on existing technology, combining advantages of semiconducting and superconducting qubits. We identify local measurement protocols that give access to information about ground and excited states as well as dynamic correlations. The topological protection of the qubits results in longer coherence times, and relaxation to the groundstate can be controlled by coupling the network an external bath. We conclude by pointing out specific applications of the quantum simulator, e.g., spin liquids, quantum criticality, and thermalization.

We combine scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy experiments probing magnetic impurities on a superconducting surface with a theoretical analysis of the tunneling processes between (superconducting) tip and substrate. We show that the current through impurity-induced Shiba bound states is carried by single-electron tunneling at large tip-substrate distances and Andreev reflections at smaller distances. The single-electron current requires relaxation processes, allowing us to extract information on quasiparticle transitions and lifetimes.