Alexandra Moritz

Many countries are in a state of post-conflict, a situation where an armed conflict between countries or within a country has just come to an end. Such countries are typically poor and characterized by political instability, economic problems and social unrest. Entrepreneurship is considered crucial for such countries as a driver of economic recovery and peacebuilding. However, the exact role and effect of entrepreneurship in a post-conflict context is not well understood and an integrative perspective is needed. Our study reviews the fragmented knowledge on entrepreneurship in post-conflict countries. We structure the literature into four distinct categories (when and where,who and why, how, andimpact) and develop an integrative conceptual model. Our review reveals research gaps and suggests directions for future research on entrepreneurship in post-conflict countries. Our study also helps policy-makers to design an effective entrepreneurship policy considering the specific requirements of post-conflict contexts.

Research shows that stress at work can affect the health of individuals. In particular, working time quality (the extent and flexibility of the working time) has been found to be an important antecedent of stress at work. Prior entrepreneurship research further shows that not only job demands and control but also working time quality differ between self-employed and wage-employed individuals affecting stress at work. However, so far, we know little about how working time quality and stress at work differ between different types of entrepreneurs. Our study closes this gap. By investigating around 47,000 self- and wage-employed individuals in the EU-28, we find that self-employed individuals have longer working hours, more flexibility but also higher perceived stress levels than wage-employed individuals. Comparing different groups of self-employed individuals, we find that self-employed individuals with employees work the most, have the lowest flexibility and the highest perceived stress levels. Contrary to our expectations, we do not find differences regarding working hours, flexibility and perceived stress between independent and dependent self-employed individuals. Our results have important implications for entrepreneurship research and practice.

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision-makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters.

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