Angel Belzunegui-Eraso

Aims: To analyse the perceptions of registered nurses in Spain regarding family presence during invasive procedures (FPIP), identifying perceived benefits, barriers to its implementation, and associated sociodemographic variables. Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional, quantitative study. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 1836 registered nurses was obtained using the validated Spanish version of the Questionnaire on Family Presence in Invasive Procedures ( QFP‐IP ). Data were collected anonymously online between November and December 2024. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed (Student's t , ANOVA, post hoc tests), and the psychometric properties of the scale were examined (Cronbach's α = 0.904; ICC = 0.90). Results: Overall, nurses showed favourable attitudes towards FPIP, though barriers such as insufficient training, fear of interference, and professional stress persisted. Positive attitudes increased with age, years of experience, and higher educational attainment. Paediatric and geriatric services were the most supportive, whereas intensive care and operating theatre units were more reluctant. Men and those with postgraduate or specialised training expressed greater acceptance. Conclusions: FPIP is recognised by Spanish nurses as an ethically relevant and humanising practice that strengthens communication, autonomy, and compassion in care. Organisational and ethical frameworks are needed to ensure its safe and equitable implementation. Impact: This nationwide study offers the first empirical evidence in Spain on FPIP from a nursing perspective. Its findings provide guidance for developing clinical protocols, ethics education, and institutional policies that promote moral agency and family‐centred, humanised care. Contribution From Patients or the Public: Nurses participated via an online survey and were able to respond to it by accepting the study conditions.

1. Understanding how young people perceive and articulate their position within the social hierarchy has become a central concern in youth studies. A substantial body of work shows that young peopl...

Pornography use during adolescence is a relevant issue from social, educational, and public health perspectives. As with other behaviours, its correlates may involve complex and nonlinear relationships. This study uses data from the 2023 Spanish Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (ESTUDES), a major source for analysing potentially addictive behaviours among adolescents in Spain because of its large sample size (original sample: N = 42,208; complete-case analytical sample: N = 33,543). Pornography use was modelled as a binary outcome using logistic regression, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The models included sociodemographic characteristics, family-related factors, parental control, substance use, selected sexual behaviours, indicators of mental well-being, and addictive Internet use. The four methods showed similar predictive performance. CatBoost achieved the highest AUC and the lowest Brier score and log loss, whereas LightGBM obtained the highest accuracy, specificity, and precision. Logistic regression yielded the highest sensitivity, negative predictive value, balanced accuracy, and F1-score. SHAP analysis identified sex as the most influential predictor, followed by addictive Internet use, cannabis and alcohol use, family conflict, and selected risky sexual behaviours. The findings suggest that pornography use among adolescents forms part of a broader behavioural and psychosocial profile. Whereas sex operated mainly as a strong direct predictor, problematic Internet use showed substantial interactions with age and cannabis and alcohol use. This study demonstrates how explainable machine learning can complement conventional regression by identifying the main correlates, nonlinear patterns, and interactions associated with adolescent pornography use.

Dos décadas después de la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica 1/2004, la violencia de género sigue constituyendo un problema de gran magnitud en España: tres de cada cuatro mujeres jóvenes afirman haberla experimentado. Numerosos estudios han señalado la relación entre la violencia de género y las actitudes sexistas, subrayando la necesidad de estrategias preventivas. Este artículo propone ampliar el conocimiento existente centrándose en el estudiantado universitario, un colectivo escasamente investigado en el contexto español. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta en diez universidades españolas con una muestra de 10.524 estudiantes. Los resultados evidencian la persistencia del sexismo entre la juventud universitaria y su asociación con la justificación de la violencia de género. Asimismo, se observan diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto a los niveles de sexismo hostil y benevolente, así como en la adhesión a mitos sobre la violencia de género.

El alcohol es la sustancia neurotóxica más consumida por los adolescentes. Así, se trata de un tema relevante en la sociología de la salud debido a las consecuencias negativas en esta etapa de formación. Este estudio, basado en una encuesta a 1307 adolescentes de 15 a 17 años en Tarragona, analiza factores individuales, ambientales e informativos que influyen en tres modalidades de consumo de alcohol. La edad y la influencia de los pares aumentan la probabilidad de consumo, pero no el género. Contrario a lo esperado, aquellos adolescentes que se sienten mejor informados sobre los efectos del consumo no presentan menores tasas de consumo, revelando una "paradoja de la información". Además, se encontró que la información de amigos facilita el consumo, mientras que la información de fuentes formales, como medios de comunicación, inhibe dicho consumo.

El tabaco es la segunda sustancia psicoactiva más extendida entre los estudiantes de 14 a 18 años después del alcohol. El presente artículo examina las motivaciones de los adolescentes para fumar, a través de sus propios discursos en grupos de discusión semidirigidos. Los sujetos de estudio fueron 131 jóvenes de entre 15 y 17 años escolarizados en nueve institutos de educación secundaria de Tarragona (España). Los motivos identificados para consumir tabaco giraron en torno a ocho dimensiones fundamentales: búsqueda de diversión y nuevas sensaciones, contagio social y presión de grupo, consumo como rito de paso, uso de cigarrillos para ligar, influencia del microsistema familiar (p. ej. tener padres fumadores), fácil acceso al tabaco, adicción y baja percepción de riesgo. En contraste con estudios anteriores, no se observaron importantes diferencias de género en las motivaciones para fumar. Este hecho podría explicarse por el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de feminidad construidos a partir de la imitación por parte de las chicas de algunos de los valores asociados a la masculinidad.

Tobacco is the second most prevalent psychoactive substance after alcohol among students aged 14–18. This article examines adolescents’ motivations for smoking through their own discourses in semi-directed discussion groups. The subjects in our study were 131 young people aged 15–17 from nine secondary schools in Tarragona (Spain). The motives identified for tobacco use revolved around eight main dimensions: the pursuit of fun and new sensations, consumption as a rite of passage, consumption due to social contagion and peer pressure, smoking as a form of flirting, influence of the family microsystem (e.g. having parents who smoke), availability and ease of access, addiction and dependence, and low risk perception. Unlike in previous studies, no significant gender differences in smoking motivations were observed. This may be explained by the emergence of new models of femininity constructed on the basis of girls’ imitation of certain values associated with masculinity.

This chapter focuses on the Spanish case in an attempt to learn how labour legislation has performed in the face of the pandemic and the new ways of working, given the spread of teleworking and delivery work through digital platforms. The chapter also addresses the issue of teleworking and work done through digital platforms and temporary work. The latter has often been used in Spain as a way to match supply and demand in the labour market. The chapter focuses on the long-term effects on workers’ contributory pensions, as well as short- and medium-term effects that put Spain among the EU countries with the highest number of working people at risk of falling into poverty.

Guest editorial: Immersive telework: a new hybrid organizational model - Author: Amaya Erro-Garcés, Angel Belzunegui-Eraso, María Inmaculada Pastor Gosálbez, Antonio López Peláez