Majid Farhadi

Heavy metals (HMs) may cause the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress and eventually leads to an increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The Hoveyzeh Cohort Study Center provided clinical data for cardiovascular cases. The collection of samples was done randomly. The association between CVD and HMs has been evaluated utilizing seven machine-learning techniques. The results showed that the effect coefficient (β) of bread consumption in the incidence of heart disease is 4.6908 × 10^–02. Consumption of bread contaminated with chromium (P value < 0.0217), cadmium (P value < 2.95 × 10^–6) and arsenic (P value < 1.15 × 10^–07) is significantly related to cardiovascular incidence. Each unit of bread consumption increases As intake by 0.494 (β = 4.940 × 10^–01) and CVD incidence by 11.9% (OR = 1.1190). Bread consumption increases Cd intake by 0.479 (β = 4.799 × 10^–1) and cardiovascular disease incidence by 11.97% (OR = 1.1197) per unit. The findings indicated that bread intake in the study region is not correlated with non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks, since the cancer risk and incremental lifetime cancer risk for both groups were below 1*10^^-6. In the present investigation, bread had HMs included As, Cd, Cr, and Pb higher than the limit declared by WHO. The results of the present study showed that bread is a mediating factor (between HMs and the incidence of CVD).

Background: We aimed to verify the exposure to mercury in the air and its effect on cardiovascular disorders. Methods: The review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and national databases (such as SID) from 1995-2022. Results: Mercury exposure can cause many disorders in humans, including neurodevelopmental disorders in fetuses and children, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, and diabetes. Mercury is a human neurotoxin, and in recent years its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have raised concerns, mainly due to mercury's role in reducing oxidative stress. Conclusion: Possible mechanisms of mercury toxicity in CVD include mercury-selenium interaction, increased lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review studies that have investigated the relationship between mercury and CVD.

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. Drinking water and some foods (for example, rice, cereals, or fruit juices) are major sources of arsenic. Chronic arsenic poisoning, or arsenicosis, causes internal disorders, such as liver damage, as well as cancers. The purpose of this review study was to examine the epidemiological literature on the side effects of arsenic on liver cancer. Initially, 112 articles from January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2023, were found in the mentioned databases. Then, by removing duplicate items, 85 articles entered the stage of examining the title of the articles and removing irrelevant items based on the title of the article. After reviewing the full text of 38 articles, 14 articles were included in the study and used to investigate the effect of arsenic in drinking water on liver cancer. Many environmental pollutants, including arsenic, can cause many diseases in the human body. This metal can generally enter all body organs through the blood circulation system and affect them. The results of previous studies have shown that long-term exposure to arsenic causes disruption in normal liver function (hepatomegaly, sclerosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis). Various mechanisms have been introduced for arsenic carcinogenesis. Among the important mechanisms that cause liver carcinogenesis by arsenic, the following can be mentioned: disturbance of the balance of liver enzymes, damage to the DNA wall, its destruction, inability to repair DNA, inappropriate function of estrogens, and liver apoptosis.