José-Manuel Aladro-Prieto

The devastation of cultural heritage after the Second World War led to the establishment of international organisations committed to its protection, such as UNESCO. The near-total destruction of Aachen’s historic city centre led to profound changes, including reconstruction and the incorporation of contemporary architecture, which established a new heritage identity. Against the backdrop of the reconstruction and reaffirmation of European identity, Aachen Cathedral was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978. Since then, the concept of heritage has evolved to encompass a broader and more inclusive understanding. In 2013, it incorporated a buffer zone to protect the cathedral’s surroundings. In this scenario, the question arises: how is the coexistance between the historical and the contemporary within a UNESCO heritage context? The main objective is to analyse the coexistance between the heritage of historic and contemporary buildings within the buffer zone of Aachen Cathedral. We base the methodology on a comparative study of the catalogue files of 405 protected buildings, taking into account variables such as the year of protection, date of construction, possible reconstructions and current uses. Preliminary results suggest that only 4% were protected after 2013, or that 55% of the buildings have been rebuilt. The results improve our understanding of the management and evolution of historic urban complexes in the context of UNESCO. It can be concluded that the concept of heritage goes beyond mere historical or universal significance, encompassing aspects such as identity and continuity, as well as the integration of contemporary interventions into the historical fabric.

In the current situation marked by a necessary ecosocial transition, the new urban agendas have been acquiring a leading role, establishing strategies for the transformation of cities based on the principles of sustainability, where the cultural approach takes on a relevant role. The aim of this article is to analyze, the framework agendas drawn up at different levels of government, from the perspective of heritage and culture. To this end, the documents that make up the International, European, Spanish and Andalusian urban agendas are analyzed by means of a bibliographical review, considering heritage and citizenship as key components in the urban configuration. As a result of the multilevel analysis, a series of key factors are identified as a reference framework for the implementation of new urban agendas in cities from a heritage and citizenship approach.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el estado de conservación que actualmente presentan los espacios abiertos conventuales y sus bienes culturales asociados pertenecientes a las clausuras femeninas de la ciudad de Sevilla: compases, patios, claustros, jardines y huertos. Partiendo de una metodología que analiza las transformaciones históricas en cada uno de ellos, los resultados obtenidos han arrojado datos que ponen en evidencia un escenario de profundos cambios. Estos, provocados bien por su precario estado de conservación, bien por la falta de vocaciones que justifiquen su permanencia, hacen que las edificaciones estén en constante peligro, de ahí que se piense en documentarlas y darlas a conocer a la ciudadanía. Ello ha desembocado en el desarrollo de una herramienta de realidad virtual para un estudio de caso concreto: el Convento de Santa Inés. La misma permite conocer y documentar los espacios pertenecientes a su clausura, constituyéndose como un importante instrumento para la conservación y el acercamiento ciudadano.

Encouraged by the administration, the gen9otrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of the socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centers, and in turn to the alteration of their original use. In these settings, the demographic void caused by increasingly shunning local identity has combined with pressure from excessive tourism and the obsolescence of heritage protection bodies in charge of conservation. Given the crisis affecting the definitions of the current system, this study aims to review the environmental agents of heritage value in relation to the processes of touristification and gentrification. Data obtained from different methodologies are analyzed using a multidisciplinary database, a model which enables the analysis of the relevant information from the different interacting fields. This case study focuses on the historic town center of Seville, specifically between 2015 and 2020. Elements are defined as indicators for these processes and the analysis of this case study will comprise the main results of this research.

Encouraged by the administration the gentrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centres, and in turn to the alter-ation of their original use. In these settings, the demographic void caused by increasingly shunning local identity has combined with pressure from excessive tourism and the obsolescence of heritage protection bodies in charge of conservation. Given the crisis affecting the definitions of the current system, this study aims to review the envi-ronmental agents of heritage value in relation to the processes of touristification and gentrification. Data obtained from different methodologies are analysed using a multidisciplinary database, a model which enables the analysis of the relevant information from the different interacting fields. The case study focuses on the historic town centre of Seville specifically between 2015 and 2020. Elements are defined as indicators for these processes and the analysis of the case study will com-prise the main results of this research.

The designation of which resources are valued as emerging heritage is at a turning point. This has resulted in urban heritage regeneration processes designed from the top down, neglecting the perception of the local. This article highlights the importance of generating participatory multi-actor spaces where the knowledge of agents involved in the same process of urban regeneration, in this case linked to heritage in obsolete neighborhoods, can be incorporated and contrasted. The San Pablo neighborhood in Seville, built in the 1960s, is chosen as a case study. Actor–network theory is taken as a methodological basis for articulating a network with the voices of agents involved in heritage regeneration processes in obsolete neighborhoods. A methodology designed from the bottom up is put into practice, having as a base the social agents, followed by the academy, and finally with the technical knowledge of official institutions. This research concludes that incorporating the elderly population as social agents in regenerative actions in the San Pablo neighborhood is a determining factor in characterizing its uniqueness. Collective memory naturally associates resources that are part of the social identity of the neighborhood. Due to its deep roots, the older population recognizes different elements that could be protected and possibly recognized as emerging heritage, and that technical agents should consider them to achieve sustainable regeneration.

La tutela del patrimoni en el context andalús ha evolucionat per a atendre l'esperit dels nous temps: dels processos lineals de coneixement a un abordatge integral i multidimensional de les realitats patrimonials, desenvolupant metodologies interactives, on no existeixen fases de treball. En aquest context, les administracions deuen, a més, donar resposta als requeriments de la participació com a mecanisme que garanteix el consens amb la ciutadania. Governança, tutela sostenible o gestió del canvi, són alguns dels termes que comencen a adquirir protagonisme en aquests moments per a donar compte del gir social al qual se sotmet el patrimonial. Davant aquest panorama, és necessari revisar els instruments que han estat formulats per al registre i la documentació del patrimoni en el territori, però també per a avançar en la necessària planificació dels processos de tutela, des d'una visió integral i transdisciplinar. Especialment interessants resulten les experiències de l'Inventari de Masos, Hisendes i Almàsseres, el Pla Andalús d'Arquitectura Defensiva i l'Atles de Patrimoni Immaterial. Aquestes mostren com valors associats amb l'agrícola, defensiu i immaterial permeten caracteritzar un territori en risc. Un context rural sotmès a processos desequilibrats, en el qual generar noves lectures espacials capaces d'activar els recursos patrimonials al mateix temps que desenvolupar mecanismes de posada en valor. Un patrimoni en risc, en un entorn privilegiat, en el qual el mediambiental es converteix en el suport sobre el qual proposar noves lectures culturals per a la seva posada en valor. Heritage protection has evolved to meet the new times spirit in the Andalusian context: from line processes of knowledge to an integral and multidimensional approach to heritage realities. It has developed interactive methodologies, where there are no work phases. In this context, administrations must also respond to the participation of participation as a mechanism that guarantees consensus with citizens. Governance, sustainable guardianship or management of change, are some of the terms that are beginning to acquire prominence to account for the social turn to which heritage is being subjected. It is necessary to review the instruments that have been formulated for the registration and documentation of heritage in the territory. Particularly interesting are the experiences of the Inventario de Cortijos, Haciendas y Lagares, Plan Andaluz de Arquitectura Defensiva y el Atlas de Patrimonio Inmaterial. These show how values associated with the agricultural, defensive and immaterial allow us to characterise a territory at risk. A rural context subject to unbalanced processes, in which new spatial readings capable of activating the protection of heritage resources must be generated. At the same time, mechanisms to enhance their value can be developed. A heritage at risk, in a privileged environment, in which the environment becomes the support on which to propose new cultural readings for its enhancement. La tutela del patrimonio en el contexto andaluz ha evolucionado para atender al espíritu de los nuevos tiempos: de los procesos lineales de conocimiento a un abordaje integral y multidimensional de las realidades patrimoniales, desarrollando metodologías interactivas, donde no existen fases de trabajo. En este contexto, las administraciones deben, además, dar respuesta a los requerimientos de la participación como mecanismo que garantiza el consenso con la ciudadanía. Gobernanza, tutela sostenible o gestión del cambio, son algunos de los términos que empiezan a adquirir protagonismo en estos momentos para dar cuenta del giro social al que se somete lo patrimonial. Ante este panorama, es necesario revisar los instrumentos que han sido formulados para el registro y la documentación del patrimonio en el territorio, pero también para avanzar en la necesaria planificación de los procesos de tutela, desde una visión integral y transdisciplinar. Especialmente interesantes resultan las experiencias del Inventario de Cortijos, Haciendas y Lagares, el Plan Andaluz de Arquitectura Defensiva y el Atlas de Patrimonio Inmaterial. Estas muestran cómo valores asociados con lo agrícola, defensivo e inmaterial permiten caracterizar un territorio en riesgo. Un contexto rural sometido a procesos desequilibrados, en el que generar nuevas lecturas espaciales capaces de activar los recursos patrimoniales al mismo tiempo que desarrollar mecanismos de puesta en valor. Un patrimonio en riesgo, en un entorno privilegiado, en el que lo medioambiental se convierte en el soporte sobre el que proponer nuevas lecturas culturales para su puesta en valor.

Production buildings constitute a specific section of vernacular architecture, with distinct characteristics. In Andalusia, within this group, the architecture of wine, acquires an important relevancne, the wine cellars. They are a large number of buildings, which were built in the 18th, and 19th centuries. This happened when traditional Andalusian wine production was transformed into a modern wine industry. An industrial development generated a vast architectural ensemble of unique characteristics. This has been studied especially in the Sherry wine region, but it is also present in other regions such as Montilla-Moriles or El Condado de Huelva. The architectural, and industrial wine development in the 19th century was fundamentally based on the repetition of a specific model: the basilica cellar. A simplified formal, and constructive system that comes from the standardisation of the vernacular cellar, and that establishes early points of convergence with the industrial building. A model that continues the tradition in terms of construction, and structure, but conceptually modern in its modular, and repeatable condition. Its reiteration, and extreme simplification made possible the construction of large industrial complexes, and the city transformation. The industrial importance achieved by the wine agro-industry, and the vernacular quality of its architecture introduce different references in Spanish industrial historiography.

La RAE define crisis como un “cambio profundo y de consecuencias importantes en un proceso o una situación”. Entre 1960 y 1980 el Marco del jerez viviría un periodo de extraordinario auge constructivo; correlato directo de la expansión comercial que vive el sector. En este contexto sobresalen un conjunto de edificios, no mayoritario, que abordan la necesaria renovación de la arquitectura bodeguera desde presupuestos arquitectónicos nítidamente contemporáneos. Esta investigación aborda el análisis de estas edificaciones entendidas como producto de la singular convergencia de dos situaciones críticas: el “cambio profundo” que va a experimentar el Marco del jerez en todas sus facetas, sociales y productivas; y la renovación cultural que representa para la Arquitectura la denominada Tercera Generación. De la intersección de ambas surgirían las “fábricas del jerez”, respuesta construida al esfuerzo por “industrializar la producción” del sector económico del jerez.