Nur Dina Amalina

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome (MSC-derived secretome) has shown promise in regenerative medicine; however, research specifically evaluating its efficacy in third-degree burn wounds remains scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MSC-derived secretome on cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, myofibroblast activity, and collagen synthesis in a third-degree burn wound model. A total of 20 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: a healthy control group, a negative control group with untreated third-degree burn wounds, and two treatment groups receiving MSC-derived secretome at doses of 100 µL and 200 µL for 14 days. The wound healing was assessed 14 days post-treatment. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression was quantified via Western blot to assess cell proliferation; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine angiogenesis; alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry to evaluate myofibroblast activity; and collagen density was measured using Masson's trichrome staining to determine tissue remodeling. Our data indicated that MSC-derived secretome treatment significantly enhanced multiple aspects of the healing process in a dose-dependent manner. PCNA expression increased by 2.8-fold in the 200 µL MSC-derived secretome group compared to the negative control (p<0.05). VEGF gene expression was upregulated by 2.14-fold in the 200 µL secretome group compared to the negative control (p<0.05). α-SMA protein expression increased by 12.67% in the 200 µL secretome group, while collagen density demonstrated the most pronounced improvement at the 200 µL dose, reaching an increase of 81.26% (p<0.05). In conclusion, MSC-derived secretome significantly accelerates burn wound healing by promoting cell proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis, and increasing collagen synthesis while modulating myofibroblast activity. This highlights the potential of MSC-derived secretome as a therapeutic option for optimizing burn wound repair and reducing fibrotic complications.

Background/Aim: Persistent ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure generates oxidative stress, facilitating proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion that subsequently activates the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) enzyme, resulting in collagen degradation. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured under hypoxic conditions (HMSCs) demonstrate the capacity to stimulate diverse cytokines and growth factors capable of preventing collagen breakdown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of HMSCs administration on MMP-3 and IL-6 levels in a rat model exposed to UVB radiation.Methods: This study was an experimental in vivo study using a post-test-only control group design with a completely randomised method. The study included male Wistar rats aged 2 to 3 months, weighing between 200 and 250 grams. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: T1 (healthy rats without UVB exposure), T2 (rats exposed to UVB without treatment), T3 (rats subjected to UVB radiation received a 200 μL subcutaneous injection of hyaluronic acid - HA), T4 (rats subjected to UVB radiation received a 2.5 × 10⁵ HMSCs cells subcutaneously) and T5 (rats subjected to UVB radiation received a 5 × 10⁵ HMSCs cells subcutaneously). Analysis of MMP-3 and IL-6 levels was performed using the ELISA method.Results: Administration of HMSCs at doses of 2.5 × 10⁵ and 5 × 10⁵ cells significantly decreased IL-6 levels to 66.22 and 42.19 pg/mL, respectively. HMSCs administration also significantly decreased MMP-3 levels, with a dose of 5 × 10⁵ cells reducing MMP-3 levels to 3329.00 pg/mL.Conclusion: HMSCs improve the condition of collagen loss in the skin due to UVB radiation exposure through inhibition of IL-6 and MMP-3.

Background/Aim: Superficial wound infections cause delayed remodeling by suppressing the expression of Alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), which inhibits collagen synthesis. Secretomes derived from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSCs) contain a variety of cytokines and growth factors that contribute to accelerated wound healing and infection suppression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SH-MSC gel on the expression of the a-SMA gene and the collagen density in the skin tissue of rats with superficial wound infections. Methods: The research design utilised a post-test-only control group with a completely randomised format. The study sample consisted of 24 rats with superficial wound infections induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 5 x 107 CFU/mL in 100 µL. The study included four groups: a healthy group, a negative control group, treatment group 1 (T1) receiving a 10 % dose of SH-MSCs gel and treatment group 2 (T2) receiving a 20 % dose of SH-MSCs gel. The expression of the a-SMA gene was analysed through qRT-PCR and collagen density was assessed using Masson's trichrome staining. Results: The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the a-SMA gene expression was significantly elevated in the T2 group, registering the highest level at 10.03 ± 3.78. This was followed by the T1 group, which had a mean a-SMA gene expression of 4.96 ± 2.77. The negative control treatment group exhibited the lowest level of a-SMA expression, measuring at 0.46 ± 0.09. Additionally, collagen density analysis showed an increase in the T2 group, which had the highest collagen density at 35.68 ± 5.28, followed closely by the T1 group at 34.78 ± 1.72. The negative control group exhibited the lowest collagen density, recorded at 17.39 ± 2.47. Conclusion: The administration of SH-MSCs gel can enhance a-SMA gene expression and increase collagen density in a rat model of superficial wound infection.

Manajemen pengelolaan Keuangan     baik untuk pencatatan pemasukan dan pengeluaran sangat penting untuk perkembangan UMKM untuk dasar evaluasi sistem bisnis yang sudah berjalan dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin baik maka perlu adanya sentuhan teknologi komputerisasi dalam manajemen keuangan untuk mencatat transaksi pengeluaran dan pemasukan sehingga akan lebih cepat dan efektif dalam pencatatan segala transaksinya. Pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah di Desa Belatungan, Pupuan, Bali belum sepenuhnya menggunakan teknologi informasi dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah metode sosialisasi tentang penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan dilanjutkan dengan melakukan pelatihan dan praktik penyusunan laporan keuangan dengan basis teknologi informasi. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah memiliki motivasi yang tinggi untuk menyusun laporan keuangan berbasis teknologi informasi dan telah mampu untuk melakukan pencatatan transaksi menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan bagi usaha kecil dan menengah.

UVB radiation is the main factor causing hyperpigmentation. Secretome hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (S-HMSCs) contain bioactive soluble molecules such as growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can prevent melanin synthesis and induce collagen formation. However, the role of S-HMSCSs on IL-6, p50, and p65 gene expression in hyperpigmentation is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of S-HMSCSs gel on the expression of IL-6, p50, and p65 in a hyperpigmented rat skin model induced by UVB light exposure. Twenty-five male Wistar rats of hyperpigmented were created as an animal model under exposed to UVB 6 times in 14 days at 302 nm with a MED of 390 mJ/cm2. The animal was randomly assigned into five groups consisting of two treatment groups (treated by S-HMSCs at a 100µL as T1 and 200µL as T2 on bases gel) for 14 days, control groups (UVB-irradiation), sham (negative control), and base gel groups. On the 14th day, IL-6, p50, and p65 were terminated and analyzed using qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis will perform using one way ANOVA followed with post hoc LSD test. Analysis of IL-6 (8.59± 3.32), p50 (4.35±2.27), and p65 (4.09±1.82) gene expression in the treatment group decreased along with the increase in the concentration of S-MSCs compared to the control group. In conclusion, the administration of S-HMSCs gel is expected to affect the speed of decreasing the hyperpigmentation process significantly.

The current approach to breast cancer has problems with the emergence of resistance, side effects, and even the emergence of post-therapy relapses. One of the reasons is that the available chemotherapy is still based on cytotoxicity through cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction. In fact, there are still several mechanisms for the direction of cytotoxicity to become more prospective targets of chemotherapy action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell death induction. One prospective candidate from natural ingredients is Citrus aurantium peel extract (CSP). This study aims to develop a CSP as a co-chemotherapy candidate that leads to aging induction and ROS modulation in breast cancer cells. The breast cancer cell model used is triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), which is a highly metastatic cell model. Apoptosis and cell cycle modulation profiles were analyzed under PI-Annexin and PI flow cytometry, respectively. The ROS level was evaluated under DCFDA flow cytometry. The combination of CSP and Dox induces oxidative stress with ROS levels up to 3.5 times. The increase in ROS levels was in line with the dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Taken together, CSP potentially induces the Dox effect on MDA-MB-231 cells, which may be mediated by the elevation of the ROS levels leading to cell death induction.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is used as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms involving HER2 in breast cancer require further study. Herein, we used the bioinformatics approaches to identify important pathways and hub genes in breast cancer affected by HER-2. The results showed that HER-2 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and is closely related to the overall survival and progression-free survival of breast cancer. A total of 3014 downregulated genes and 4121 upregulated genes were identified under Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with the GEO2R tool. Among them, the top 10 hub genes including CCNB1, KIF11, BUB1B, TOP2A, ASPM, MAD2L1, BUB1, RRM2, EGFR, and FN1 demonstrated by connectivity degree in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were screened out. In Kaplan–Meier plotter survival analysis, the overexpression of CCNB1, EGFR, MAD2L1, ASPM, and RRM2 were shown to be associated with an unfavourable prognosis in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients. In conclusion, we have identified important signalling pathways involving HER-2 that affect breast cancer. These findings could provide new insights outlining mechanisms involving HER-2 gene expression in breast cancer and provides a rationale for the novel treatment of breast cancer.

The healing process of a full‐thickness wound involves a complex cascade of cellular responses to reverse skin integrity formation. These processes require growth factors, particularly platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). Conversely, hypoxic mesenchymal stem‐cell‐conditioned medium (HMSC‐CM)‐contained growth factors notably contribute to acceleration of wound healing. This study aims to investigate the role of HMSC‐CM in controlling the serial levels of PDGF associated with accelerated wound closure in full‐thickness wounds. Twenty male Wistar rats with full‐thickness wounds were developed as animal models. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups, comprising two treatment groups (treated using HMSC‐CM at a high dose as P1 and at a low dose as P2), a control group (administration of base gel), and sham group (healthy group). PDGF levels were examined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Using ImageJ software, wound closure percentages were determined photographically. The study showed that there was a significant increase in PDGF levels on days 3 and 6 after HMSC‐CM treatment, followed by a decrease in PDGF levels on day 9. In line with these findings, wound closure percentage also increased significantly on days 6 and 9. In the rat model, HMSC‐CM administration may promote acceleration of wound closure by increasing serial PDGF levels in the full‐thickness wound.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunosuppressive properties to control systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease by releasing several anti-inflammatory molecules, particularly indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), and increasing regulatory T cells (Treg) to control innate and adaptive immune cells. However, how MSCs release IDO to modulate Treg in controlling B is poorly understood. Therefore, investigating IDO, Treg, and B cells following MSC administration in SLE is needed. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of MSCs in controlling B cells mediated by an increase of IDO-induced Treg in PBMC of SLE patients. METHODS: This study used a post-test control group design. MSCs were obtained from human umbilical cord blood and characterized according to their surface antigen expression and multilineage differentiation capacities. PBMCs isolated from SLE patients were divided into five groups: Sham (placebo group), control, and three treatment groups. The treatment groups were treated by coculturing MSCs to PBMCs with a ratio of 1:10, 1:25, and 1:40 for 72 h incubation. Treg and B-cell levels were analyzed by flow cytometry with cytometric bead array (CBA) while the IDO levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: This study showed that the percentages of B cells decreased significantly in groups treated by dose-dependent MSCs, particularly in T1 and T2 groups followed by increased Treg cell percentages. These findings were aligned with the significant increase of the IDO levels. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs regulated B cells through an increase of IDO-induced Treg in SLE patients’ PBMC.