Derby Muñoz-Rojas

Aim: Identify the manifestations of dating violence in university students. Methods: It consisted of an integrative review that arose from the research question: What are the manifestations presented by university students that suffer from dating violence? The research strategy was carried out during the first semester of 2020 using databases such as EBSCO, Science direct, ProQuest, Lilacs, CUHSO, and the scientific journal Scielo; the reviewed literature included qualitative and quantitative studies in either English or Spanish that studied university students between 18 and 26 years old. The exclusion criteria to not consider other articles were the lack of accessibility criteria or incompleteness of the texts. Finally, 51 articles were found; 42 of them were excluded, and the remaining 9 were included in the final analysis. The documents were analyzed using a constant comparison method. Results: The manifestations of dating violence are complex since there are several ways in which they can manifest: from psychological aspects (such as behavior, attitude, emotions, and self concept), to social, physical, sexual, and academic aspects. Conclusion: The manifestations of dating violence are diverse and can be detected by nursing professionals in the various dimensions of the individuals involved in this phenomenon.

Aim(s): To determine common and distinct factors experienced by nurses working in acute care settings during the second year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: An online qualitative descriptive study with eight open‐ended questions and a comprehensive demographic profile administered via the Qualtrics XM survey software. Methods: Thirteen countries formed teams and led online data collection in their respective countries through various approaches. The data collection period occurred between January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022. Descriptive thematic analysis was conducted in English (with translation), Spanish, and Korean to analyse the qualitative data. Descriptive statistics summarised the responses to the demographic profile. Results: Worldwide, a final sample size of n = 1814 produced 6483 qualitative data points for analysis. The results identified ongoing occupational risk factors for nurses during the pandemic's second year, including mental health issues, yet showed some improvements in access to personal protective equipment and resources. Four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis, highlighting role changes, living states, and insights into the implementation of pandemic response measures. Conclusion: Despite individual occupational risks nurses described, structural factors associated with healthcare delivery produced common nursing experiences during the pandemic. Additionally, at least two distinct stages of pandemic response implementation were demarcated by treatment availability (e.g., vaccine development). Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: There is potential for common pandemic response policies for nurses, centered on specific factors, such as the increased provision of mental health support services by healthcare organisations. Impact: This study helped determine the common and distinct work experiences during the second year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses simultaneously experienced increased workload, role changes, perpetual fear and fatigue, daily hostility, and chaos in the implementation of pandemic responses. The results will impact nurses and those they serve along with future pandemic response policies. Reporting Method: We have adhered to the SRQR reporting guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.

Introduction: There is a dearth of research investigating grief as continuing bonds in men, and the psychometric properties of the Continuing Bonds Scale have not been specifically evaluated in male populations. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of construct validity and reliability of the Continuing Bonds Scale in bereaved Costa Rican men. Method: A methodological study was conducted. A sample of 170 participants completed a self‐administered online questionnaire. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, mediators of mourning and continuing bonds measured by the Continuing Bonds Scale. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were performed. Results: Factor analysis confirmed the distribution of items into two factors: internalised and externalised continuing bonds. The total variance explained was 53.03%. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two‐factor solution. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient indicated good internal consistency ( α = 0.898). Discussion: The results suggest that the Continuing Bonds Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the ongoing internal relationship between the bereaved person and the deceased in bereaved Costa Rican men, allowing for appropriate research and clinical use. Implications: Mental health nurses can utilise the Continuing Bonds Scale to assess men's continuing bonds expressions and develop individualised care plans to support their adaptation to loss. Relevance Statement: Given the frequent interaction between mental health nurses and bereaved individuals, the availability of contextually appropriate instruments is essential for improving professional practice. The Continuing Bonds Scale can enhance the effectiveness of mental health interventions by clarifying the real needs of bereaved individuals from diverse societies and cultures. Furthermore, NANDA‐I has proposed diagnoses on adaptive and maladaptive grieving. These diagnoses align with recent perspectives that integrate the natural occurrence of continuing bonds into the grieving process. By challenging traditional grief models, these nursing diagnoses position mental health nurses within a more compassionate framework that is sensitive to continuing bonds expressions.

Aim: To describe the self‐reported mental health of nurses from 35 countries who worked during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Background: There is little occupationally specific data about nurses' mental health worldwide. Studies have documented the impact on nurses’ mental health of the COVID‐19 pandemic, but few have baseline referents.Methods: A descriptive, cross‐sectional design structured the study. Data reflect a convenience sample of 9,387 participants who completed the opt‐in survey between July 31, 2022, and October 31, 2023. Descriptive statistics were run to analyze the following variables associated with mental health: Self‐reports of mental health symptoms, burnout, personal losses during the pandemic, access to mental health services, and self‐care practices used to cope with pandemic‐related stressors. Reporting of this study was steered by the STROBE guideline for quantitative studies.Results: Anxiety or depression occurred at rates ranging from 23%–61%, with country‐specific trends in reporting observed. Approximately 18% of the sample reported experiencing some symptoms of burnout. The majority of nurses’ employers did not provide mental health support in the workplace. Most reported more frequently engaging with self‐care practices compared with before the pandemic. Notably, 20% of nurses suffered the loss of a family member, 35% lost a friend, and 34% a coworker due to COVID‐19. Nearly half (48%) reported experiencing public aggression due to their identity as a nurse.Conclusions: The data obtained establish a basis for understanding the specific mental health needs of the nursing workforce globally, highlighting key areas for service development.Implications for nursing policy: Healthcare organizations and governmental bodies need to develop targeted mental health support programs that are readily accessible to nurses to foster a resilient nursing workforce.

Relatively little is known about the unique needs and issues faced by transgender men and their self-care practices during gender transition. This study aimed to analyse self-care practices during gender transition through the life histories of a group of Costa Rican transgender men. A qualitative study with a sociohistorical design employing a thematic life history approach was conducted with fourteen participants between April and September 2022. Data were analysed using Content Analysis. Three categories were developed concerning self-care: (i) the shaping of self-care practices throughout different life stages; (ii) self-care practices related to masculinising the body; and (iii) self-care practices on the margins of a cisheteronormative society. The identified self-care practices took place with the goal of materialising men's gender identity socially, legally and medically. While self-care plays a key role in supporting individuals throughout the transition process, it is limited in its capacity to ensure comprehensive well-being. The social prejudice and violence encountered by transgender men poses a challenge to achieving full well-being. External pressures and adversities limit the effectiveness of self-care practices, highlighting the need for broader systemic change to enhance the overall health and wellness of transgender men in Costa Rica.

Introducción: La violencia es un fenómeno extremadamente difuso y complejo, que afecta al mundo entero, con cifras que van en aumento considerable. Específicamente, la violencia en el lugar de trabajo es una problemática relevante debido a las múltiples consecuencias que puede provocar en las personas, las instituciones, y la sociedad. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la violencia laboral y factores asociados, en Unidades de Emergencia de establecimientos de salud privados. Metodología: Estudio transversal, explicativo. Se censaron 130 trabajadores de unidades de emergencia privadas chilenas, mediante un instrumento dividido en a) Variables biosociodemográficas y laborales y b) Cuestionario Violencia Laboral del sector de Salud. Para el análisis inferencial se realizaron asociaciones con chi cuadrado y test de Fisher y regresión logística. Durante toda la investigación se respetaron principios bioéticos internacionales. Resultados: La violencia con mayor prevalencia en este grupo de estudio, fue la violencia psicológica (54,6%). Se levantó un modelo de regresión logística, arrojando resultados significativos (p≤0,05) con las variables edad y preocupación por la violencia, las cuales aumentan el riesgo de violencia psicológica. Conclusiones: Los trabajadores participantes perciben predominantemente violencia de tipo psicológica. Sin embargo, la que más se reporta es la violencia física. Ambos tipos de violencias reconocen como principal perpetrador al usuario. Se puntualiza que estos hallazgos pueden ser de gran utilidad para las instituciones privadas de salud y la Gestión del Cuidado, al ofrecerle insumos empíricos para tomar decisiones respecto al entorno laboral sanitario.

Continuing Bonds among grieving men from Costa Rica and Spain were compared, with the primary hypothesis that there would be significant differences between the two groups. A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional research study was conducted. Non-probability and convenience sampling was employed, involving 227 grieving men who completed an online questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, mediators of mourning, and the Continuing Bonds Scale. The results did not reveal significant differences in Continuing Bonds expressions. However, upon controlling for the interaction between degree of kinship with the deceased person, notable differences emerged in Continuing Bonds and internalized and externalized Continuing Bonds (p < 0.05). The influence of sociocultural factors in each country on Continuing Bonds expressions is considered. The findings could support the development of strategies centered on grieving men, Continuing Bonds, and their specific needs.

Introduction: University students are exposed to academic demands that could impact mental health and trigger suicidal behaviors. Objective: To analyze the mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and social support) and suicide risk in Costa Rican university students. Materials and Methods: Correlational, predictive, and cross-sectional research was conducted. A census sample of 76 university students was included. Variables encompassed sociodemographic data, social support measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, anxiety measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and suicide risk measured by the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. An online survey was used. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were performed. Significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The student body had a mean age of 19.43 years ±1.75, with gender identity evenly distributed. 38.20% reported moderate-severe symptoms of depression, and 32.90% indicated suicide risk. Differences were observed between gender identity in terms of social support and anxiety (p<0.05). Correlations were found between mental health conditions and suicide risk (p=0.001). Depression was identified as a factor contributing to an increased risk of suicide (p=0.001). Discussion: Previous literature confirms that mental health conditions such as low social support, depression, and anxiety in university students would predispose to the suicide risk. Conclusions: There is a segment of the university student population experiencing adverse mental health conditions and suicide risk, for whom care strategies focused on their needs should be developed.

El proceso de cambio hacia la práctica de actividad física todavía no ha sido adecuadamente caracterizado. Uno de los asuntos en discusión es si este proceso puede ser descrito en términos de etapas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con el objetivo de examinar patrones de continuidad o discontinuidad de variables del Modelo Procesual de Acción en Salud dentro de las etapas propuestas por el Modelo Transteórico, y así valorar en qué medida la evidencia apoya la existencia de etapas. Para ello, se recogieron datos transversales de estudiantes universitarios (N = 490, edad = 22.5 años, DT = 6.57) y se hicieron ANOVA, contrastes planeados y análisis de tendencias polinómicas, siguiendo las recomendaciones de Sutton (2000). Los resultados para varias de las variables fueron compatibles con supuestos sobre la existencia de etapas. Sin embargo, para otras variables, los resultados no apoyan la existencia de etapas. Estos hallazgos proveen información útil para esfuerzos de integración de distintos modelos. Se discute sobre las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos.