Sheelendra Mangal Bhatt

This review is an attempt to cover a few useful herbal plants, like bitter melon, fenugreek, ginseng, cinnamon, garlic, and gymnema, beneficial in managing blood glucose levels due to saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids, and more which may be useful for controlling diabetes. We also cover a detailed description of gymnema, also known as gurmarin. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms on how gurmarin helps manage diabetes by acting on taste bud receptors T1R1 and T1R3 and stimulating insulin to be released from both β-cells and islets, and also how PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) is activated to enhance insulin sensitivity where the release of insulin from β-cells is stimulated by gymnema. In addition, we discuss plant tissue culture methods to enhance gymnemic acid production.

Currently research attempted for enhanced cellulase production using Water hyacinth waste. We found that . Trichoderma reesei selected with WH for cellulase production. Optimization the effective conditions for production of CMCase temp-40 ⁰C, pH-5, tween80 3%, WH7.5%, nitrogen source 1% as peptone, incubation time 7days, inoculum 5% at rotation 100 rpm for FPase production only two condition was difference inoculum was higher (10%) and rotation speed was 150 rpm. Production of cellulase for CMCase was 52% more increase activity observed after media optimization and similar for FPase was 84% increase activity observed after media optimization.

Current article focus over review of biopastic such as PHA, PLA from lactic acid. However microbial production is more safer and can save money time and labor wih maximum purity. Keywords: PHA, LACTIC ACID,

The daily dietary recommendation is different for both men and women; women’s require 8 mg/day of zinc, while men require 11 mg/day. Daily meals do not have these micronutrients in the diet; therefore, they should be supplied from outside sources. Therefore, biofortified wheat is the best option, where more than 2 million people are suffering from malnutrition (FAO, 2016). There are various products of cereals, such as flour from cereals, which is used for making bread & other products for breakfast cereals, such as pasta, snack foods, dry mixes, cakes, pastries, and tortillas. If more bio-fortified cereals can be grown it could enhance the nutritional value of the food as well as sales. Some of the major players in the Indian breakfast cereals market are Kellogg Co., Nestle, PepsiCo, Bagrry's India Ltd and Marico. Kellogg’s Froot Loops, Kellogg’s rasin bran, Quaker, Wheaties, Nestle fitness and private brands using such products. As per WHO recommendations, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has made it a policy for a wide food fortification program now. Common staple foods such as wheat flour, rice, edible oil, and milk have been selected as food vehicles for different micronutrient fortifications.

Aim/Background: The declining availability of fossil fuels cannot meet the increasing global energy demands and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, worsening global warming. Additionally, poor management of organic waste, including livestock and food scraps, poses environmental pollution risks. Anaerobic co-digestion (AnCoD) of livestock waste and food scraps offers a sustainable solution, producing renewable biogas while minimizing ecological impact. This study aims to evaluate whether co-digesting cow manure (CM) with fruit waste (FW) in varying ratios can enhance biogas production and methane quality.

The current review focuses on a detailed comprehensive role of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and other herbs for their Ayurvedic impact in controlling blood sugar by releasing insulin from the pancreas in diabetic Type 2. G. sylvestre (GS) supplementation has also been seen to leave an impact on various cardiovascular risk factors and improves the lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and control of glycemia. Additionally, extracts of Gymnema have been shown to have an inhibitory impact on triglyceride accumulation in muscles and the liver, while reducing the buildup of fatty acids in the bloodstream, thus also reducing HB1C parameters. In the current review, we have also discussed information about Gymnemic acid structure isolation their sources, their clinical effects in diabetic control in Type 1 and Type 2, and clinical effects over the humans and mice signalling as immunomodulators.

The current review is based on various reports that utilize a variety of kitchen waste & cafeteria leftovers like banana peels, orange peels, onion residues, and kiwi peels and their procedure of methane production under varied conditions. This review also covers the anaerobic digestion [AD] process which is reported to enhance biogas production under enhanced nitrogen supply such as ammonium chloride. We also covered an analysis of biogas production utilizing a mixture of cow dung slurry and kitchen refuse at various environmental conditions. Combining food waste and cow manure through anaerobic co-digestion can generate renewable biogas, reduce environmental impact and improve methane quality, making it a viable method for enhancing biogas production efficiency. Biogas derived from fruit waste and cow manure through anaerobic co-digestion shows increased production compared to processing fruit waste alone. Some factors affecting biogas production include temperature, pH levels and microbial activity. The study explores the dual functionality of fruit waste as an energy source and organic fertilizer. Combining fruit waste and cow manure under mesophilic conditions enhances biogas production. The study suggests that biogas production can improve agricultural practices, reduce environmental impact and serve as an alternative to traditional fuels like firewood.